α-Bisabolol: A Dietary Sesquiterpene that Attenuates Apoptotic and Nonapoptotic Cell Death Pathways by Regulating the Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Hippo Signaling Axis in Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity in Rats

The potential for multiorgan toxicities is a significant barrier to the therapeutic use of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer treatment. With regard to DOX-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats, the current investigation sought to assess the cardioprotective function of α-bisabolol (BSB) as well as the underlying pharmacological and molecular processes. Acute cardiotoxicity was induced in the rats by the intraperitoneal injection of DOX (12.5 mg/kg, single dosage). Over the course of 5 days, the rats were administered 25 mg/kg of BSB orally twice a day. The DOX administration induced cardiac damage, as evidenced by altered cardiospecific diagnostic markers and macroscopic enzyme mapping assay. The occurrence of mitochondrial oxidative stress was observed by a significant decline in antioxidant defense along with an increase in lipid peroxidation. DOX also perturbed DNA damage, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fission and dysfunction, ER stress, Hippo signaling, and caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis including necroptosis and ferroptosis in the myocardium of rats. Conversely, it has been noted that the administration of BSB preserves the myocardium and reverses all cellular, molecular, and structural disruptions in the cardiac tissues of rats exposed to DOX-induced toxicity. The results that are currently available unequivocally show the cardioprotective role of BSB in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. This effect is attributed to BSB’s strong antioxidant, antilipid peroxidative, and antiapoptotic properties, which are mediated by advantageous changes in multiple signaling pathways.