A case of disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after two laparoscopic procedures due to uterine fibroids

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of multifocal nodules and tumors composed of proliferating smooth muscle tissue, spread throughout the peritoneum. Estrogens and progesterone are considered to be the main factors initiating the formation of disseminated leiomyomatosis. Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis is often asymptomatic, and acyclic vaginal bleeding or pain in the lower abdomen is associated with leiomyomatous rebuilt uterus corpus. Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis can have other ambiguous presentation. The difficulty in DPL diagnosis is that it is not always accompanied by scattered leiomyomas and can occur after menopause. Some cases of DPL are associated with surgical procedures on uterine fibroids, especially with the use of a morcellator. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman with DPL who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy and laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy before the final diagnosis of DPL. After the complete surgical treatment performed in our center the patient is free of symptoms.