TY - JOUR
T1 - A comparative molecular survey of malaria prevalence among Eastern chimpanzee populations in Issa Valley (Tanzania) and Kalinzu (Uganda)
AU - Mapua, Mwanahamisi I.
AU - Petrželková, Klára J.
AU - Burgunder, Jade
AU - Dadáková, Eva
AU - Brožová, Kristýna
AU - Hrazdilová, Kristýna
AU - Stewart, Fiona A.
AU - Piel, Alex K.
AU - Vallo, Peter
AU - Fuehrer, Hans Peter
AU - Hashimoto, Chie
AU - Modrý, David
AU - Qablan, Moneeb A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by IGA 90/2014/FVL, grant of the Czech Academy of Sciences M200961204 and the EurNegVec COST Action TD1303. This research was carried out under the project CEITEC 2020 (LQ1601) with financial sup‑ port from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under the National Sustainability Programme II and further co‑financed from European Social Fund and state budget of the Czech Republic (project OPVK CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0300). The study was further supported by the Institute of Vertebrate Biology Academy of Science of the Czech Republic (RVO: 68081766) and by project LO1218 under the NPU I program. We also acknowl‑ edge a grant for the development of research organization (RVO: RO0516). Research at Issa Valley (and for the Ugalla Primate Project) is supported by the UCSD/Salk Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 The Author(s).
PY - 2016/8/19
Y1 - 2016/8/19
N2 - Background: Habitat types can affect vector and pathogen distribution and transmission dynamics. The prevalence and genetic diversity of Plasmodium spp. in two eastern chimpanzee populations - Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda and Issa Valley, Tanzania - inhabiting different habitat types was investigated. As a follow up study the effect of host sex and age on infections patterns in Kalinzu Forest Reserve chimpanzees was determined. Methods: Molecular methods were employed to detect Plasmodium DNA from faecal samples collected from savanna-woodland (Issa Valley) and forest (Kalinzu Forest Reserve) chimpanzee populations. Results: Based on a Cytochrome-b PCR assay, 32 out of 160 Kalinzu chimpanzee faecal samples were positive for Plasmodium DNA, whilst no positive sample was detected in 171 Issa Valley chimpanzee faecal samples. Sequence analysis revealed that previously known Laverania species (Plasmodium reichenowi, Plasmodium billbrayi and Plasmodium billcollinsi) are circulating in the Kalinzu chimpanzees. A significantly higher proportion of young individuals were tested positive for infections, and switching of Plasmodium spp. was reported in one individual. Amongst the positive individuals sampled more than once, the success of amplification of Plasmodium DNA from faeces varied over sampling time. Conclusion: The study showed marked differences in the prevalence of malaria parasites among free ranging chimpanzee populations living in different habitats. In addition, a clear pattern of Plasmodium infections with respect to host age was found. The results presented in this study contribute to understanding the ecological aspects underlying the malaria infections in the wild. Nevertheless, integrative long-term studies on vector abundance, Plasmodium diversity during different seasons between sites would provide more insight on the occurrence, distribution and ecology of these pathogens.
AB - Background: Habitat types can affect vector and pathogen distribution and transmission dynamics. The prevalence and genetic diversity of Plasmodium spp. in two eastern chimpanzee populations - Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda and Issa Valley, Tanzania - inhabiting different habitat types was investigated. As a follow up study the effect of host sex and age on infections patterns in Kalinzu Forest Reserve chimpanzees was determined. Methods: Molecular methods were employed to detect Plasmodium DNA from faecal samples collected from savanna-woodland (Issa Valley) and forest (Kalinzu Forest Reserve) chimpanzee populations. Results: Based on a Cytochrome-b PCR assay, 32 out of 160 Kalinzu chimpanzee faecal samples were positive for Plasmodium DNA, whilst no positive sample was detected in 171 Issa Valley chimpanzee faecal samples. Sequence analysis revealed that previously known Laverania species (Plasmodium reichenowi, Plasmodium billbrayi and Plasmodium billcollinsi) are circulating in the Kalinzu chimpanzees. A significantly higher proportion of young individuals were tested positive for infections, and switching of Plasmodium spp. was reported in one individual. Amongst the positive individuals sampled more than once, the success of amplification of Plasmodium DNA from faeces varied over sampling time. Conclusion: The study showed marked differences in the prevalence of malaria parasites among free ranging chimpanzee populations living in different habitats. In addition, a clear pattern of Plasmodium infections with respect to host age was found. The results presented in this study contribute to understanding the ecological aspects underlying the malaria infections in the wild. Nevertheless, integrative long-term studies on vector abundance, Plasmodium diversity during different seasons between sites would provide more insight on the occurrence, distribution and ecology of these pathogens.
KW - Cyt-b gene
KW - Laverania
KW - Malaria
KW - Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
KW - Plasmodium spp.
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U2 - 10.1186/s12936-016-1476-2
DO - 10.1186/s12936-016-1476-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 27543045
AN - SCOPUS:84982298147
VL - 15
JO - Malaria Journal
JF - Malaria Journal
SN - 1475-2875
IS - 1
M1 - 423
ER -