TY - JOUR
T1 - A novel and innovative hair test to determine glucocorticoid levels in racing camels for use in assessment of doping, health, and disease
AU - Shah, Iltaf
AU - Haddow, Jody D.
AU - Ibrahim, Hiba A.
AU - Sheikh, Maryam V.A.
AU - Alhemeiri, Fatima S.A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge and thank the United Arab Emirates University for their funding, start‐up grant no. 31S213 and Sure grant no, 31S230, for the successful completion of this project. The authors also acknowledge, with thanks, the help and support provided to them by staff at the Scientific Centre for Racing Camels, Al Ain, UAE.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PY - 2018/4
Y1 - 2018/4
N2 - The aim of this project was to develop and validate a new test for the analysis of glucocorticoids in camel hair and to use the new test to analyse hair samples from a variety of camel breeds in sports and racing applications. These findings could be of importance when evaluating racing camels for suspected doping offenses or for injury and disease control. Camel hair samples were collected from 30 non-racing dromedary camels along with 3 racing camels in Al Ain, UAE and were decontaminated, pulverised, sonicated, and extracted prior to analysis. A liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric method was employed to determine the levels of glucocorticoids in the hair samples. The 4 drugs of interest, namely hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, flumethasone and methylprednisolone, and an internal standard were quantified in camel hair samples. All 4 of the glucocorticoids were detected in camel hair samples with concentrations ranging between 31 and 935 pg/mg for hydrocortisone, 8–59 pg/mg for dexamethasone, 0.7–1034 pg/mg for flumethasone and 5–66 pg/mg for methylprednisolone in non-racing camels. One of the racing camels displayed high concentrations of hydrocortisone (1130 pg/mg), flumethasone (2576 pg/mg), methylprednisone (1156 pg/mg) and dexamethasone (29 pg/mg). The authors believe this is the first report of a test for corticosteroids in camel hair. The new test has been validated according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. This new hair test could be useful for further studies in doping control, toxicological studies, pharmacological studies and other clinical applications in camel health, injury, and disease.
AB - The aim of this project was to develop and validate a new test for the analysis of glucocorticoids in camel hair and to use the new test to analyse hair samples from a variety of camel breeds in sports and racing applications. These findings could be of importance when evaluating racing camels for suspected doping offenses or for injury and disease control. Camel hair samples were collected from 30 non-racing dromedary camels along with 3 racing camels in Al Ain, UAE and were decontaminated, pulverised, sonicated, and extracted prior to analysis. A liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric method was employed to determine the levels of glucocorticoids in the hair samples. The 4 drugs of interest, namely hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, flumethasone and methylprednisolone, and an internal standard were quantified in camel hair samples. All 4 of the glucocorticoids were detected in camel hair samples with concentrations ranging between 31 and 935 pg/mg for hydrocortisone, 8–59 pg/mg for dexamethasone, 0.7–1034 pg/mg for flumethasone and 5–66 pg/mg for methylprednisolone in non-racing camels. One of the racing camels displayed high concentrations of hydrocortisone (1130 pg/mg), flumethasone (2576 pg/mg), methylprednisone (1156 pg/mg) and dexamethasone (29 pg/mg). The authors believe this is the first report of a test for corticosteroids in camel hair. The new test has been validated according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. This new hair test could be useful for further studies in doping control, toxicological studies, pharmacological studies and other clinical applications in camel health, injury, and disease.
KW - camel hair
KW - glucocorticoids
KW - hair analysis
KW - sensitive LC–MS/MS
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U2 - 10.1002/dta.2311
DO - 10.1002/dta.2311
M3 - Article
C2 - 28994213
AN - SCOPUS:85034772116
SN - 1942-7603
VL - 10
SP - 742
EP - 749
JO - Drug Testing and Analysis
JF - Drug Testing and Analysis
IS - 4
ER -