A novel laparoscopic device for measuring gastrointestinal slow-wave activity

Background: A periodic electrical activity, termed "slow waves", coordinates gastrointestinal contractions. Slow-wave dysrhythmias are thought to contribute to dysmotility syndromes such as postoperative gastroparesis, but the clinical significance of these dysrhythmias remains poorly defined. Electrogastrography (EGG) has been unable to characterize dsyrhythmic activity reliably, and the most accurate method for evaluating slow waves is to record directly from the surface of the target organ. This study presents a novel laparoscopic device for recording serosal slow-wave activity, together with its validation. Methods: The novel device consists of a shaft (diameter, 4 mm; length, 300 mm) and a flexible connecting cable. It contains four individual electrodes and is fully shielded. Validation was performed by comparing slow-wave recordings from the laparoscopic device with those from a standard electrode platform in an open-abdomen porcine model. An intraoperative human trial of the device also was performed by recording activity from the gastric antrum of a patient undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results: Slow-wave amplitudes were similar between the laparoscopic device and the standard recording platform (mean 0.38 ± 0.03 mV vs range 0.36-0.38 ± 0.03 mV) (p = 0.94). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) also was similar between the two types of electrodes (13.7 dB vs 12.6 dB). High-quality antral slow-wave recordings were achieved in the intraoperative human trial (amplitude, 0.41 ± 0.04 mV; SNR, 12.6 dB), and an activation map was constructed showing normal aboral slow-wave propagation at a velocity of 6.3 ± 0.9 mm/s. Conclusions: The novel laparoscopic device achieves high-quality serosal slow-wave recordings. It is easily deployable and atraumatic. It is anticipated that this device will aid in the clinical investigation of normal and dsyrhythmic slow-wave activity. In particular, it offers new potential for investigating the effect of surgical procedures on slow-wave activity.