Advancement of chitin and chitosan as promising biomaterials

Biopolymers like cellulose, polysaccharides, chitosan, starch, chitin, and alginates have sparked an increasing curiosity in creating natural replacements for synthetic polymers during the last several decades. Chitin is a major part of fungi's cell walls, the crustaceans’ exoskeletons, like lobsters, crabs, and shrimps, cephalopod beaks, the radulae of mollusks, and fish and lissamphibians scales. Since the late 1970 s, biopolymer chitosan has gathered interest in basic science and applied research due to its incredible macromolecular framework, physicochemical properties, and biological activities, which differ from those of synthetic polymers. Chitin and derivatives thereof have practical usages in chemistry, the agriculture sector, medicine, cosmetics, as well as textile and paper industries. Chitosan has also received a lot of recent interest in the fields of dentistry, ophthalmology, veterinary science, biomedicine, the drink industry, hygiene and personal care, catalysis, chromatography, sewage treatment, and biotechnology. Numerous fundamental investigations have been conducted on chitin and chitosan. This article presents a short compact summary of research over the last two decades in an attempt to highlight the works on chitin and chitosan applications.