TY - JOUR
T1 - Advances in the design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials for high-efficiency OLEDs
AU - Mughal, Ehsan Ullah
AU - Naeem, Nafeesa
AU - Kainat, Syeda Fariha
AU - Almohyawi, Abdulaziz M.
AU - Qurban, Jihan
AU - Sadiq, Amina
AU - Abd-El-Aziz, Ahmad
AU - Ma, Ning
AU - Abd-El-Aziz, Alaa S.
AU - Timoumi, A.
AU - Moussa, Ziad
AU - Natto, Sameer S.A.
AU - Ahmed, Saleh A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2025/8
Y1 - 2025/8
N2 - Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) has emerged as a pivotal innovation in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), offering a pathway to high-efficiency electroluminescent devices by harnessing triplet excitons for light emission. Unlike conventional fluorescence, TADF materials exploit a unique reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) mechanism, enabling the upconversion of triplet excitons to singlet states, which ultimately enhances the emission efficiency without relying on expensive heavy metals. Recent advancements in TADF emitters are highlighted, encompassing small molecules, polymers, and hybrid systems, with an emphasis on their integration into state-of-the-art OLED architectures. In this manuscript, a comprehensive overview of the applications of TADF molecules in OLEDs is presented, covering developments in this field from 2019 to 2025. Finally, future directions in TADF research and its potential for next-generation displays, lighting solutions, and energy-efficient devices are considered. This review aims to provide a consolidated perspective on TADF materials, bridging molecular insights with practical applications in high-performance OLEDs.
AB - Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) has emerged as a pivotal innovation in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), offering a pathway to high-efficiency electroluminescent devices by harnessing triplet excitons for light emission. Unlike conventional fluorescence, TADF materials exploit a unique reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) mechanism, enabling the upconversion of triplet excitons to singlet states, which ultimately enhances the emission efficiency without relying on expensive heavy metals. Recent advancements in TADF emitters are highlighted, encompassing small molecules, polymers, and hybrid systems, with an emphasis on their integration into state-of-the-art OLED architectures. In this manuscript, a comprehensive overview of the applications of TADF molecules in OLEDs is presented, covering developments in this field from 2019 to 2025. Finally, future directions in TADF research and its potential for next-generation displays, lighting solutions, and energy-efficient devices are considered. This review aims to provide a consolidated perspective on TADF materials, bridging molecular insights with practical applications in high-performance OLEDs.
KW - Electroluminescence
KW - Emitters
KW - OLEDs
KW - RISC
KW - TADF
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100700
DO - 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2025.100700
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:105006698821
SN - 1389-5567
VL - 64
JO - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews
JF - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews
M1 - 100700
ER -