TY - JOUR
T1 - Ammonia emissions in poultry houses and microbial nitrification as a promising reduction strategy
AU - Swelum, Ayman A.
AU - El-Saadony, Mohamed T.
AU - Abd El-Hack, Mohamed E.
AU - Abo Ghanima, Mahmoud M.
AU - Shukry, Mustafa
AU - Alhotan, Rashed A.
AU - Hussein, Elsayed O.S.
AU - Suliman, Gamaleldin M.
AU - Ba-Awadh, Hani
AU - Ammari, Aiman A.
AU - Taha, Ayman E.
AU - El-Tarabily, Khaled A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, “ Ministry of Education ” in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number IFKSURP-215 . K.A. El-Tarabily would like to thank the library at Murdoch University, Australia for the valuable online resources and comprehensive databases.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/8/10
Y1 - 2021/8/10
N2 - High ammonia (NH3) levels (>25 ppm) in poultry houses reduce the body weight gain, feed conversion, survival ability, carcass conviction rate, and immune system of birds. High NH3 levels can also cause pain, eye-inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. The volatility rate of NH3 in poultry litter depends on the pH, humidity, ventilation rate, air velocity, manure nitrogen (N) content, and temperature. The litter's pH is a major factor regulating the volatilization of NH3 because it specifies the volatile ammonium (NH4+)/NH3 ratio between their ionic and nonvolatile forms. High NH3 levels damage birds' respiratory systems' mucous membranes, thereby increasing their susceptibility to respiratory infections, particularly to Escherichia coli infection. In this review, the existing knowledge on soil-nitrifying bacteria and NH3 nitrification approaches for advancing poultry manure microbial nitrification and environmental implications of using various NH3 emission control techniques were summarized. Although few studies have focused on reducing NH3 volatilization by nitrification, nitrification is deemed a sustainable approach for reducing N excretions and controlling NH3 emissions in poultry houses. However, further studies are required to determine the most suitable soil nitrification bacteria to increase microbial nitrification.
AB - High ammonia (NH3) levels (>25 ppm) in poultry houses reduce the body weight gain, feed conversion, survival ability, carcass conviction rate, and immune system of birds. High NH3 levels can also cause pain, eye-inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. The volatility rate of NH3 in poultry litter depends on the pH, humidity, ventilation rate, air velocity, manure nitrogen (N) content, and temperature. The litter's pH is a major factor regulating the volatilization of NH3 because it specifies the volatile ammonium (NH4+)/NH3 ratio between their ionic and nonvolatile forms. High NH3 levels damage birds' respiratory systems' mucous membranes, thereby increasing their susceptibility to respiratory infections, particularly to Escherichia coli infection. In this review, the existing knowledge on soil-nitrifying bacteria and NH3 nitrification approaches for advancing poultry manure microbial nitrification and environmental implications of using various NH3 emission control techniques were summarized. Although few studies have focused on reducing NH3 volatilization by nitrification, nitrification is deemed a sustainable approach for reducing N excretions and controlling NH3 emissions in poultry houses. However, further studies are required to determine the most suitable soil nitrification bacteria to increase microbial nitrification.
KW - Broiler house
KW - Microbial nitrification
KW - NH emission
KW - NH toxicity and management
KW - NH volatilization
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U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146978
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146978
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85104325814
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 781
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 146978
ER -