TY - JOUR
T1 - An African origin for Mycobacterium bovis
AU - Loiseau, Chloé
AU - Menardo, Fabrizio
AU - Aseffa, Abraham
AU - Hailu, Elena
AU - Gumi, Balako
AU - Ameni, Gobena
AU - Berg, Stefan
AU - Rigouts, Leen
AU - Robbe-Austerman, Suelee
AU - Zinsstag, Jakob
AU - Gagneux, Sebastien
AU - Brites, Daniela
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (310030_166687, 310030_188888, IZRJZ3_164171, IZLSZ3_170834 and CRSII5_177163), the European Research Council (309540-EVODRTB) and SystemsX.ch.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Foundation for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Background and objectives: Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae are two of the most important agents of tuberculosis in livestock and the most important causes of zoonotic tuberculosis in humans. However, little is known about the global population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary history of these pathogens. Methodology: We compiled a global collection of 3364 whole-genome sequences from M.bovis and M.caprae originating from 35 countries and inferred their phylogenetic relationships, geographic origins and age. Results: Our results resolved the phylogenetic relationship among the four previously defined clonal complexes of M.bovis, and another eight newly described here. Our phylogeographic analysis showed that M.bovis likely originated in East Africa. While some groups remained restricted to East and West Africa, others have subsequently dispersed to different parts of the world. Conclusions and implications: Our results allow a better understanding of the global population structure of M.bovis and its evolutionary history. This knowledge can be used to define better molecular markers for epidemiological investigations of M.bovis in settings where whole-genome sequencing cannot easily be implemented. Lay summary: During the last few years, analyses of large globally representative collections of whole-genome sequences (WGS) from the human-adapted Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) lineages have enhanced our understanding of the global population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary history of these pathogens. In contrast, little corresponding data exists for M. bovis, the most important agent of tuberculosis in livestock. Using whole-genome sequences of globally distributed M. bovis isolates, we inferred the genetic relationships among different M. bovis genotypes distributed around the world. The most likely origin of M. bovis is East Africa according to our inferences. While some M. bovis groups remained restricted to East and West Africa, others have subsequently dispersed to different parts of the world driven by cattle movements.
AB - Background and objectives: Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae are two of the most important agents of tuberculosis in livestock and the most important causes of zoonotic tuberculosis in humans. However, little is known about the global population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary history of these pathogens. Methodology: We compiled a global collection of 3364 whole-genome sequences from M.bovis and M.caprae originating from 35 countries and inferred their phylogenetic relationships, geographic origins and age. Results: Our results resolved the phylogenetic relationship among the four previously defined clonal complexes of M.bovis, and another eight newly described here. Our phylogeographic analysis showed that M.bovis likely originated in East Africa. While some groups remained restricted to East and West Africa, others have subsequently dispersed to different parts of the world. Conclusions and implications: Our results allow a better understanding of the global population structure of M.bovis and its evolutionary history. This knowledge can be used to define better molecular markers for epidemiological investigations of M.bovis in settings where whole-genome sequencing cannot easily be implemented. Lay summary: During the last few years, analyses of large globally representative collections of whole-genome sequences (WGS) from the human-adapted Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) lineages have enhanced our understanding of the global population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary history of these pathogens. In contrast, little corresponding data exists for M. bovis, the most important agent of tuberculosis in livestock. Using whole-genome sequences of globally distributed M. bovis isolates, we inferred the genetic relationships among different M. bovis genotypes distributed around the world. The most likely origin of M. bovis is East Africa according to our inferences. While some M. bovis groups remained restricted to East and West Africa, others have subsequently dispersed to different parts of the world driven by cattle movements.
KW - Bovine tuberculosis
KW - Molecular clock
KW - Mycobacterium bovis
KW - Phylogeography
KW - Whole-genome sequencing
KW - Zoonosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090236488&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85090236488&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/EMPH/EOAA005
DO - 10.1093/EMPH/EOAA005
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85090236488
SN - 2050-6201
VL - 2020
SP - 49
EP - 59
JO - Evolution, Medicine and Public Health
JF - Evolution, Medicine and Public Health
IS - 1
ER -