TY - JOUR
T1 - Antipsychotic utilization trajectories three years after initiating or reinitiating treatment of schizophrenia
T2 - A state sequence analysis approach
AU - Brodeur, Sébastien
AU - Vanasse, Alain
AU - Courteau, Josiane
AU - Courteau, Mireille
AU - Stip, Emmanuel
AU - Fleury, Marie Josée
AU - Lesage, Alain
AU - Demers, Marie France
AU - Roy, Marc André
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS) and the Département de médecine de famille et de médecine d’urgence at the Université de Sherbrooke. This work was also partly supported by a Quebec Health Research Fund (FRQS) peer-reviewed and unrestricted grant from Janssen (division of Johnson & Johnson) and the Ministère de l’Économie et de l’Innovation (MEI), within the framework of Données de recherche en contexte réel – Partenariat Innovation-Québec-Janssen (PIQJ).
Funding Information:
E.S. received funding from Lundbeck Canada Inc. and Otsuka Canada Pharmaceutical Inc. He has served on the advisory boards and been a lecturer for Lundbeck Canada Inc, Otsuka Canada Pharmaceutical Inc, and Janssen. M.‐A.R. reports grants from Mylan Canada, Janssen Canada, Mylan Canada and Otsuka‐Lundbeck Alliance Canada during the conduct of the study. Outside the submitted work, he has also received personal fees from Boehringer Canada (research contracts), Lundbeck‐Canada (research contracts), Otsuka‐Lundbeck Alliance (advisory honoraria; speaker honoraria), HLS Canada (advisory honoraria), Mylan Canada (advisory honoraria; speaker honoraria) and Janssen Canada (speaker honoraria). M.‐F.D. reports grants from Mylan Canada, Janssen Canada, and Otsuka Lundbeck outside the submitted work. Outside the submitted work, she has also received personal fees from Otsuka‐Lundbeck Alliance (advisory honoraria; speaker honoraria) and Janssen Canada (speaker honoraria). Except for the grant mentioned above, the authors declare no other competing interests.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS) and the Département de médecine de famille et de médecine d’urgence at the Université de Sherbrooke. This work was also partly supported by a Quebec Health Research Fund (FRQS) peer‐reviewed and unrestricted grant from Janssen (division of Johnson & Johnson) and the Ministère de l’Économie et de l’Innovation (MEI), within the framework of Données de recherche en contexte réel – Partenariat Innovation‐Québec‐Janssen (PIQJ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Objective: This study aims to describe the utilization patterns of antipsychotic (AP) medication in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), three years after initiating or reinitiating a given AP. Methods: Based on medico-administrative information on patients living in Quebec (Canada), this retrospective cohort study included 6444 patients with a previous diagnosis of SCZ initiating or reinitiating AP medication between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014, with continuous coverage by public drug insurance. For each day of follow-up (1092 days), patient was either exposed to one of the chosen categories of APs, or to none. This patient’s sequence of AP exposure overtime has been referred to as the “antipsychotic utilization trajectory”. These trajectories were analyzed using a State Sequence Analysis, an innovative approach which provides useful visual information on the continuation and discontinuation patterns of use over time. Results: Clozapine and long-acting injectable second-generation APs had the best continuation and discontinuation patterns over 3 years among all other groups, including less switching of APs, while oral first-generation APs had the poorest patterns. These findings were comparable among incident and non-incident cohorts. Oral second-generation antipsychotics, excluding clozapine, had a poorer continuation and discontinuation pattern than long-acting injectable antipsychotics. Conclusion: State Sequence Analysis provides a clear representation of treatment adherence in comparison with dichotomous indicators of adherence or discontinuation. Consequently, this innovative method has shed light on the impact of the AP chosen to initiate or reinitiate treatment in SCZ, which has been identified as a key factor for long-term treatment continuation and discontinuation.
AB - Objective: This study aims to describe the utilization patterns of antipsychotic (AP) medication in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), three years after initiating or reinitiating a given AP. Methods: Based on medico-administrative information on patients living in Quebec (Canada), this retrospective cohort study included 6444 patients with a previous diagnosis of SCZ initiating or reinitiating AP medication between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014, with continuous coverage by public drug insurance. For each day of follow-up (1092 days), patient was either exposed to one of the chosen categories of APs, or to none. This patient’s sequence of AP exposure overtime has been referred to as the “antipsychotic utilization trajectory”. These trajectories were analyzed using a State Sequence Analysis, an innovative approach which provides useful visual information on the continuation and discontinuation patterns of use over time. Results: Clozapine and long-acting injectable second-generation APs had the best continuation and discontinuation patterns over 3 years among all other groups, including less switching of APs, while oral first-generation APs had the poorest patterns. These findings were comparable among incident and non-incident cohorts. Oral second-generation antipsychotics, excluding clozapine, had a poorer continuation and discontinuation pattern than long-acting injectable antipsychotics. Conclusion: State Sequence Analysis provides a clear representation of treatment adherence in comparison with dichotomous indicators of adherence or discontinuation. Consequently, this innovative method has shed light on the impact of the AP chosen to initiate or reinitiate treatment in SCZ, which has been identified as a key factor for long-term treatment continuation and discontinuation.
KW - antipsychotic utilization trajectories
KW - observational studies
KW - real-world study
KW - schizophrenia
KW - state sequence analysis
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U2 - 10.1111/acps.13411
DO - 10.1111/acps.13411
M3 - Article
C2 - 35152415
AN - SCOPUS:85125046098
SN - 0001-690X
VL - 145
SP - 469
EP - 480
JO - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
JF - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
IS - 5
ER -