Artificial intelligence and blockchain for quantum satellites and UAV-based communications: a review: a review

Quantum communications can provide new opportunities for secure data transmission and enhanced computational capabilities. Quantum networks have already been established using fiber communication lines and satellite-to-ground links. However, using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), satellites, or both for free-space quantum communication reduces the need for permanent ground connections and takes advantage of the lower loss limits in space, increasing efficiency. This work reviews recent developments in quantum satellites and quantum UAV-based communications, focusing on cutting-edge technologies such as quantum artificial intelligence, quantum blockchain, quantum machine learning, quantum networks, quantum satellites, and quantum UAVs. The presented review explores existing literature examining these technologies, along with the results of a bibliometric analysis to identify the best sources, institutions, collaborations, and articles. Additionally, the role of satellite-based imaging and artificial intelligence is discussed. The uniqueness of this review lies in its examination of the combination of different quantum-related technologies in the context of quantum satellites and UAV-based communications. The in-depth bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive overview of research accomplishments in these areas. Current open challenges are also identified, and a roadmap for further research directions in the field of artificial intelligence and blockchain applications of quantum and UAV-based communications is outlined.