Associations of 24-hour sleep duration and CT-derived measurements of muscle and bone: The AGES-Reykjavik Study

Background Although the importance of sleep on preservation of several physiological functions is well known, the relationship with the two interconnected tissues - muscle and bone is less understood. Objectives This study aimed to examine the association of 24-hour sleep duration with mid-thigh muscle composition and proximal femur volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). Methods 2438 men and 3326 women aged 66 to 96 years, residents in the Reykjavik area, were included in this cross-sectional study. Proximal femur integral vBMD, mid-thigh muscle area and muscle attenuation were assessed with computed tomography. Sleep and nap habits were assessed using a questionnaire. Results We found that after adjustment for age and BMI long sleep duration (> 8 h/d) was negatively associated with thigh lean area in both men (B = − 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): − 4.01, − 0.40) and women (B = − 2.39, 95% CI: − 3.75, − 1.03) and with muscle attenuation (B = − 0.95, 95% CI: − 1.47, − 0.43) only in women. After adjustments for age, health and lifestyle factors the association between long sleep duration and muscle lean area was attenuated and became nonsignificant while associations with muscle attenuation remained marginally significant (B = − 0.51, 95% CI: − 1.03, − 0.002). Sleep duration was not associated with proximal femur integral vBMD in the multivariate models. Conclusion Long sleep duration, particularly in old women, can affect thigh muscle attenuation (increase in intramuscular fat). Whether optimization of sleep can ameliorate age-associated intramuscular or intermuscular adipose tissue warrants further studies.