Autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex heterogeneous condition that is characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and behaviour which mostly co-exist with several comorbidities. The current prevalence of ASD in the general population is estimated to be that of 1 in every 54 children in USA. The accurate diagnosis involves detailed assessments at age specific intervals and finally a comprehensive evaluation by specialists. Although genetic and environmental factors contribute to cause ASD, the precise mechanisms underlying ASD are poorly understood. Concerning management, early interventions are always recommended, as they lead to better outcomes. However, despite the availability of multiple medications, no definitive cure currently exists and the management of the disease remains poor, posing significant problems to life perspectives. Therefore, further studies are required to fully understand the pathogenesis and the possible resultant identification of more effective treatment options for ASD. This overview on autism covers its causes, presentation and therapies.