Brief overview of the applications of hybrid nanofluids

A novel type of nanofluid, known as the hybrid nanofluid, is prepared by suspending different kinds of nanoparticles (more than one) or hybrid (composite) nanoparticles in the pure fluid to produce a colloidal suspension. The chemical and physical features of different materials are combined in the hybrid material simultaneously, providing the chArceristics in a homogeneous phase. The effective viscosity and density of hybrid nanofluids may be in the same order for mononanofluids, while their thermal conductivity might be substantially higher than mono nanofluids considering synergistic effects. The outstanding enhancement in thermal transfer properties of nanofluids led researchers to use them in various engineering applications, including nucleArcoling, desalination, machining, refrigeration, engine cooling, heat exchangers (HEX), solArcllectors, and electronics cooling. This chapter gives a brief overview of the applications of hybrid nanofluids and the challenges associated with them, as well as the way forward for research gaps that still need attention.