Capacity Planning Model for a Multi-Rate Fast Charging Stations Using Generalized Queuing Concept

While fast charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) aim to replicate the convenience of traditional gasoline stations, they currently lack the flexibility in allowing users to choose their preferred charging power. As the demand for charging infrastructure continues to rise, the development of fast chargers with adjustable power levels can significantly enhance user charging experience. These flexible chargers allow users to choose between a slower, more economical charge or a faster, more time-efficient option based on their needs. In this paper, we present a capacity planning model for optimizing the allocation of multi rate fast chargers to enhance the user charging experience. The proposed multi rate fast charging solution provides greater convenience by balancing both charging time and cost. Additionally, optimizing station capacity (number of multi rate fast chargers and waiting slot) aims to minimize user waiting time and maximize station operator profits. The dynamics of EV charging within the station are modelled using generalized queuing theory. Simulation results demonstrate that integrating a multi-rate charging facility, along with effective station capacity planning, can greatly improve the overall charging experience while ensuring good quality of service for EV users and good profitability for station operators.