Chronic exposure to water-pipe smoke induces alveolar enlargement, DNA damage and impairment of lung function

Medicine & Life Sciences

• Water Pipe Smoking 100%
• Smoke 60%
• DNA Damage 55%
• Water 42%
• Lung 33%
• Oxidative Stress 16%
• Respiratory System 10%
• Pneumonia 9%
• Neutrophils 9%
• Lymphocyte Count 6%
• Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid 6%
• Metalloproteases 6%
• L-Lactate Dehydrogenase 5%
• Peroxidase 5%
• Lipid Peroxidation 5%
• Superoxide Dismutase 5%
• Glutathione 5%
• Nose 4%
• Air 4%
• Reactive Oxygen Species 4%
• Macrophages 4%
• Lymphocytes 3%
• Cytokines 3%
• Inflammation 3%
• Wounds and Injuries 2%