TY - JOUR
T1 - Combined effect of tungsten inert gas welding and roller expansion processes on mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of heat exchanger tube-To-Tubesheet joints
AU - Thekkuden, Dinu Thomas
AU - Mourad, Abdel Hamid Ismail
AU - Ramachandran, Tholkappiyan
AU - Bouzid, Abdel Hakim
AU - Kumar, Ravi
AU - Alzamly, Ahmed
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by United Arab Emirates University from the grant – 31R105 . Prof. Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad is the recipient of the fund from United Arab Emirates University.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s).
PY - 2022/11
Y1 - 2022/11
N2 - Tube-To-Tubesheet joints are one of the major vulnerable locations prone to cracks in heat exchangers. The manufacturing processes of these joints have an important role in providing structural integrity to the heat exchangers. The main objective of this work is to study the impact of the combined effect of tungsten inert gas weld and expansion percentages of 3%, 5% and 7% on the structural integrity of carbon steel-based tube-To-Tubesheet joints. The results show that the pull-out strength of hybrid welded and expanded using 3%, 5% and 7% expansion percentages has exceeded the tube axial strength. The minimum leak path of the welds was satisfactorily above two-Thirds of the tube wall thickness. Vickers hardness was restricted at the adjacent regions of weld to below 250 HV. The microstructural studies indicate that the higher the expansion percentage, the smaller the grains at the inner tube surface and the higher the extent the fine grains formed from the inner tube surface. The effect of expansion on the grains at the inner and outer tube surfaces of the transition zone and the unexpanded zone was found negligible. The absence of grain refinement on the outer tube surface using light expansion at a 3% expansion percentage indicated that the contact pressure was inadequate on the tube-To-Tubesheet interface. The hardness at the expanded zone and transition zone of the inner tube surface was higher than at the outer tube surface due to the plastic deformation caused by the intensive roller expansion pressure.
AB - Tube-To-Tubesheet joints are one of the major vulnerable locations prone to cracks in heat exchangers. The manufacturing processes of these joints have an important role in providing structural integrity to the heat exchangers. The main objective of this work is to study the impact of the combined effect of tungsten inert gas weld and expansion percentages of 3%, 5% and 7% on the structural integrity of carbon steel-based tube-To-Tubesheet joints. The results show that the pull-out strength of hybrid welded and expanded using 3%, 5% and 7% expansion percentages has exceeded the tube axial strength. The minimum leak path of the welds was satisfactorily above two-Thirds of the tube wall thickness. Vickers hardness was restricted at the adjacent regions of weld to below 250 HV. The microstructural studies indicate that the higher the expansion percentage, the smaller the grains at the inner tube surface and the higher the extent the fine grains formed from the inner tube surface. The effect of expansion on the grains at the inner and outer tube surfaces of the transition zone and the unexpanded zone was found negligible. The absence of grain refinement on the outer tube surface using light expansion at a 3% expansion percentage indicated that the contact pressure was inadequate on the tube-To-Tubesheet interface. The hardness at the expanded zone and transition zone of the inner tube surface was higher than at the outer tube surface due to the plastic deformation caused by the intensive roller expansion pressure.
KW - Carbon steel
KW - Heat exchanger
KW - Pull-out load
KW - Roller expansion
KW - Tungsten inert gas welding
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.11.043
DO - 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.11.043
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85145780476
SN - 2238-7854
VL - 21
SP - 4724
EP - 4744
JO - Journal of Materials Research and Technology
JF - Journal of Materials Research and Technology
ER -