Comparative analysis of hall current impact on MHD laminar surface tension gradient 3D flow of propylene glycol based tetra hybrid nanofluid with generalized fick's and fourier's perspective

Examine the significance of the Cattaneo-Christov flux model on the Marangoni convection 3D flow of tetra hybrid nanofluid combined with Hall current in the present study. When exposed to a fluctuating magnetic flux, it demonstrates electrical conductivity over a stretchy sheet. Using the Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion (CCDD) model, the problem is simulated. In this work, the CCDD model is used to analyze the mass and heat transmission tetra hybrid nanofluid. Basic Fourier's and Fick's laws are generalized by their application. A tetra hybrid nanofluid consisting of Molybdenum disulfide (Mos₂), copper (Cu), Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂o₄), propylene glycol (C₃H₈O₂) as the base fluid is used. This model is essential for precisely predicting the behaviors of heat transfer in nanofluid flows since it takes thermal relaxation time into consideration. Its uses include optimizing heat exchanger performance, enhancing cooling systems in electronics, and better thermal management in microfluidic devices. The basic set of equations is resolved employing the numerical technique (bvp4c). The nanofluid, hybrid, trihybrid, and tetra hybrid nanofluid graphs are all compared. The stretching ratio parameter indicates rising trends in the flow distributions, although the opposite performance is observed for thermal and concentration distributions. Rate of heat and mass transmission improve of tetra hybrid, trihybrid, hybrid nanofluids as increase the values of Marangoni convection.