Comparative dietary analysis of Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata and Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica along the west coast of India

This study examined the diet of two near-threatened migratory shorebird species, Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata) and bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica), within crucial wintering habitats on India’s west coast. These regions have experienced severe declines in shorebird populations due to environmental degradation and prey scarcity. Our research revealed distinct habitat preferences and dietary patterns between the two species, suggesting niche partitioning as a mechanism for coexistence. Bar-tailed godwits primarily inhabited mangroves, where they consume polychaetes and small crabs using their straight bills. In contrast, Eurasian curlews with their curved bills favored sand beaches, feeding on small fishes and mole crabs. While droppings analysis indicated some overlap in prey consumption, especially small crabs in mudflats and mangroves, video observations revealed minimal overall dietary overlap. These findings underscore the significance of habitat diversity and prey abundance at the study site in facilitating niche partitioning and supporting the coexistence of these threatened shorebird species.