TY - JOUR
T1 - Depression and Anxiety as Possible Mediators of the Association Between Smoking and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
AU - Grunau, Gilat L.
AU - Ratner, Pamela A.
AU - Hossain, Shahadut
AU - Johnson, Joy L.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements This research was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) grant (grant #42545). Dr. Grunau acknowledges GENESIS for post-doctoral training support. Dr. Ratner holds a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Senior Scholar award.
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - The objective of this study was to investigate the association between depression and anxiety and adolescents' smoking status, and to determine whether depression or anxiety mediate the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and smoking. A cross-sectional survey of tobacco use was conducted in regional school districts located outside the Greater Vancouver area of British Columbia, Canada. The sample included 6,943 students. Having taken medications for depression, anxiety, or ADHD; ethnicity/race; and parental, peer, and sibling smoking status were significantly associated with smoking status. ADHD was significantly associated with depression and anxiety. In multivariate analysis, although depression/anxiety and ADHD were found to be significant correlates of regular smoking when each variable was independently included in a multinomial logistic regression model, ADHD did not remain significant when it was included with depression/anxiety. Depression and anxiety may mediate the relationship between ADHD and smoking.
AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the association between depression and anxiety and adolescents' smoking status, and to determine whether depression or anxiety mediate the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and smoking. A cross-sectional survey of tobacco use was conducted in regional school districts located outside the Greater Vancouver area of British Columbia, Canada. The sample included 6,943 students. Having taken medications for depression, anxiety, or ADHD; ethnicity/race; and parental, peer, and sibling smoking status were significantly associated with smoking status. ADHD was significantly associated with depression and anxiety. In multivariate analysis, although depression/anxiety and ADHD were found to be significant correlates of regular smoking when each variable was independently included in a multinomial logistic regression model, ADHD did not remain significant when it was included with depression/anxiety. Depression and anxiety may mediate the relationship between ADHD and smoking.
KW - Adolescence
KW - Anxiety
KW - Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity
KW - Depression
KW - Smoking
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77957362552&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77957362552&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11469-009-9244-y
DO - 10.1007/s11469-009-9244-y
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:77957362552
SN - 1557-1874
VL - 8
SP - 595
EP - 607
JO - International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
JF - International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
IS - 4
ER -