Development of encapsulated sage extract powder: Inter-comparison with commercially available powder for physical properties and metabolites composition

Encapsulated Salvia officinalis L. powder (SESP) was developed from extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and it was compared with commercial sage powder of hydro-distillation extract (HESP). The optimised conditions of 30 MPa at 50 °C for laboratory scale SFE extraction were found to generate the highest yield at 40.96 ± 0.84%. The conditions were later applied in the upscaled extraction, which yielded about 30.10 ± 1.33% extract. Large particle size distribution at 118.46 ± 6.63 µm for SESP was notified as compared to 66.80 ± 1.50 µm for HESP. Outcomes of crystallographic analysis demonstrated that abundant metabolites from various groups existed in both powders. About 25 and 43 metabolites were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) in HESP and SESP, respectively. In HESP, organic acids were found to be the major group identified, while terpenoids were the largest group found in SESP.