TY - JOUR
T1 - Digital Stress Scale (DSC)
T2 - Development and Psychometric Validation of a Measure of Stress in the Digital Age
AU - Argyriadi, Agathi
AU - Katsarou, Dimitra
AU - Patelarou, Athina
AU - Megari, Kalliopi
AU - Patelarou, Evridiki
AU - Kotrotsiou, Stiliani
AU - Giakoumidakis, Konstantinos
AU - Abdoola, Shabnam
AU - Mantsos, Evangelos
AU - Efthymiou, Efthymia
AU - Argyriadis, Alexandros
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 by the authors.
PY - 2025/7
Y1 - 2025/7
N2 - (1) Background: The integration of digital technologies such as electronic health records (EHRs), telepsychiatry, and communication platforms has transformed the mental health sector a lot compared to in previous years. While these tools enhance service delivery, they also introduce unique stressors. Despite growing concerns, there is no validated instrument specifically designed to measure the digital stress experienced by mental health professionals. (2) Methods: This study involved the development and psychometric validation of the Digital Stress Scale (DSC). The process included item generation through a literature review and qualitative interviews, expert panel validation, and a two-phase statistical evaluation. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted on responses from 423 licensed mental health professionals using EHRs and digital communication tools. The scale’s reliability and convergent validity were assessed via internal consistency and correlations with established mental health measures. (3) Results: The final DSC included four subscales: digital fatigue, technostress, digital disengagement, and work–life digital boundaries. CFA supported the factor structure (CFI = 0.965, RMSEA = 0.038), and the overall reliability was acceptable (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.87). Descriptive analysis showed moderate-to-high levels of digital stress (M = 11.94, SD = 2.72). Digital fatigue was the strongest predictor of total stress (β = 1.00, p < 0.001), followed by technostress and work–life boundary violations. All subscales were significantly correlated with burnout (r = 0.72), job dissatisfaction (r = −0.61), and perceived stress (r = 0.68), all with a p < 0.001. (4) Conclusions: The DSC is a valid and reliable tool for assessing digital stress among mental health professionals. Findings point out the urgent need for policy-level interventions to mitigate digital overload, promote healthy work–life boundaries, and enhance digital competency in mental health settings.
AB - (1) Background: The integration of digital technologies such as electronic health records (EHRs), telepsychiatry, and communication platforms has transformed the mental health sector a lot compared to in previous years. While these tools enhance service delivery, they also introduce unique stressors. Despite growing concerns, there is no validated instrument specifically designed to measure the digital stress experienced by mental health professionals. (2) Methods: This study involved the development and psychometric validation of the Digital Stress Scale (DSC). The process included item generation through a literature review and qualitative interviews, expert panel validation, and a two-phase statistical evaluation. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted on responses from 423 licensed mental health professionals using EHRs and digital communication tools. The scale’s reliability and convergent validity were assessed via internal consistency and correlations with established mental health measures. (3) Results: The final DSC included four subscales: digital fatigue, technostress, digital disengagement, and work–life digital boundaries. CFA supported the factor structure (CFI = 0.965, RMSEA = 0.038), and the overall reliability was acceptable (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.87). Descriptive analysis showed moderate-to-high levels of digital stress (M = 11.94, SD = 2.72). Digital fatigue was the strongest predictor of total stress (β = 1.00, p < 0.001), followed by technostress and work–life boundary violations. All subscales were significantly correlated with burnout (r = 0.72), job dissatisfaction (r = −0.61), and perceived stress (r = 0.68), all with a p < 0.001. (4) Conclusions: The DSC is a valid and reliable tool for assessing digital stress among mental health professionals. Findings point out the urgent need for policy-level interventions to mitigate digital overload, promote healthy work–life boundaries, and enhance digital competency in mental health settings.
KW - EHRs
KW - digital fatigue
KW - digital stress
KW - mental health
KW - technostress
KW - telepsychiatry
KW - work–life balance
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011668749
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105011668749#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.3390/ijerph22071080
DO - 10.3390/ijerph22071080
M3 - Article
C2 - 40724147
AN - SCOPUS:105011668749
SN - 1661-7827
VL - 22
JO - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
IS - 7
M1 - 1080
ER -