Effect of erbium on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of SnO₂ thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis

Engineering & Materials Science

• Erbium 100%
• Spray pyrolysis 99%
• Optical properties 79%
• Structural properties 69%
• Oxygen vacancies 65%
• Thin films 60%
• Photoluminescence 34%
• Phonons 33%
• X ray powder diffraction 32%
• Chemical analysis 27%
• X ray photoelectron spectroscopy 25%
• Tin 24%
• Energy gap 24%
• Quartz 23%
• Surface roughness 17%
• Glass 16%
• Substrates 15%

Physics & Astronomy

• pyrolysis 64%
• erbium 61%
• sprayers 60%
• optical properties 41%
• thin films 32%
• oxygen 19%
• teeth 18%
• tin 14%
• x rays 14%
• chemical composition 14%
• quartz 13%
• interstitials 13%
• transmittance 13%
• roughness 13%
• photoelectron spectroscopy 13%
• atomic force microscopy 12%
• grain size 11%
• photoluminescence 11%
• phonons 10%
• glass 9%
• diffraction 8%
• excitation 7%
• energy 4%

Chemical Compounds

• Erbium 80%
• Spray Pyrolysis 73%
• Optical Property 46%
• Liquid Film 30%
• Phonon 23%
• Calorific Value 22%
• Interstitial 22%
• Transmittance 21%
• Glass Substrate 21%
• Dioxygen 20%
• Grain Size 19%
• Tetragonal Space Group 18%
• Quartz 18%
• Photoluminescence 16%
• Powder X-Ray Diffraction 16%
• Band Gap 16%
• X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 14%