Effect of erbium on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of SnO₂ thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis

Engineering & Materials Science

• Chemical analysis 27%
• Energy gap 24%
• Erbium 100%
• Glass 16%
• Optical properties 79%
• Oxygen vacancies 65%
• Phonons 33%
• Photoluminescence 34%
• Quartz 23%
• Spray pyrolysis 99%
• Structural properties 69%
• Substrates 15%
• Surface roughness 17%
• Thin films 60%
• Tin 24%
• X ray photoelectron spectroscopy 25%
• X ray powder diffraction 32%

Physics & Astronomy

• atomic force microscopy 12%
• chemical composition 14%
• diffraction 8%
• energy 4%
• erbium 61%
• excitation 7%
• glass 9%
• grain size 11%
• interstitials 13%
• optical properties 41%
• oxygen 19%
• phonons 10%
• photoelectron spectroscopy 13%
• photoluminescence 11%
• pyrolysis 64%
• quartz 13%
• roughness 13%
• sprayers 60%
• teeth 18%
• thin films 32%
• tin 14%
• transmittance 13%
• x rays 14%

Chemical Compounds

• Band Gap 16%
• Calorific Value 22%
• Dioxygen 20%
• Erbium 80%
• Glass Substrate 21%
• Grain Size 19%
• Interstitial 22%
• Liquid Film 30%
• Optical Property 46%
• Phonon 23%
• Photoluminescence 16%
• Powder X-Ray Diffraction 16%
• Quartz 18%
• Spray Pyrolysis 73%
• Tetragonal Space Group 18%
• Transmittance 21%
• X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 14%