Effect of structured diet with exercise education on anthropometry and lifestyle modification in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12-month randomized clinical trial

Aims: Lifestyle modification involving active engagement of specialised dietitian with diet and exercise education, can be effective as first-line treatment for diabetes. Methods: 192 patients were enrolled with diabetes in a randomised controlled trial and followed up for one year. Ninety-four patients in the intervention group participated in a comprehensive structured diet and exercise education conducted by a specialised dietitian at ambulatory centre in the United Arab Emirates. Results: The mean difference in the change in body mass index between study groups at study exit and baseline was statistically significant (BMI difference = -1.86, 95 % CI −2.68 – −1.04, P < 0.01). The intervention group reported significant decrease in total carbohydrate and daily energy intake compared to baseline (173.7 g vs 221.1 g and 1828.5 kcal vs 2177.9 kcal, respectively). Moreover, the mean metabolic equivalents (METs) in the intervention group increased significantly at study exit from baseline compared to control group METs, with mean difference between all between-group differences after baseline of 0.63 (95 % 0.29 – 0.97, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Structured diet and exercise counselling by specialised dietitian in ambulatory settings significantly reduced carbohydrate and daily energy intake, with improved anthropometric measurements and physical activity.