Energy Routing Challenges and Protocols in Energy Internet: A Survey

Energy internet (EI) is a new concept that was proposed as a feasible solution to existing problems in power systems. EI integrates information and communication technologies and smart grid systems with distributed energy sources, in which communication and power flow are bidirectional. In this paper, we introduce the development stages of energy systems starting from the conventional energy systems to the energy internet. The core components of energy internet are the energy routing protocols and energy routing devices. Therefore, we primarily focus on the energy routing challenges and energy routing protocols. We review and classify the existing approaches that are used in addressing energy routing problems.