Enhanced sulfate recovery from high salinity reject brine through simultaneous chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation

Ameera F. Mohammad; Ali H. Al-Marzouqi; Muftah H. El-Naas; Bart Van der Bruggen; Mohamed H. Al-Marzouqi; Mohamed Al Musharfy; Mabruk Suleiman

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138599

Enhanced sulfate recovery from high salinity reject brine through simultaneous chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation

Ameera F. Mohammad, Ali H. Al-Marzouqi, Muftah H. El-Naas, Bart Van der Bruggen, Mohamed H. Al-Marzouqi, Mohamed Al Musharfy, Mabruk Suleiman

Department of Chemical & Petroleum

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A modified electrocoagulation method is proposed for the recovery of sulfate from high salinity reject brine. This method is based on recovering sulfate using highly/moderately alkaline solids, namely, calcium oxide (CaO), barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and ladle furnace slag (LFS), which are added to high salinity water at specific concentrations, in combination with electrocoagulation at specific current densities. This method does not require a prior chemical precipitation, minimizes the required energy input, and the collected solid products can be further purified using conventional methods of separating sulfate from solid mixtures. The system comprises an electrocoagulation unit with alkaline solids at certain operating and mixing conditions. Rectangular aluminium plates were used as electrodes for the electrocoagulation reactor. A current density of 4.5–22.5 mA/cm² is applied using a power source. The method involved generating electrons at the anode under moderate to high pH conditions and specific anodic potential. The cathode facilitated the production of hydrogen gas and hydroxyl ions, which effectively improved the dissociation of dissolved sulfate components. Combining the chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation in the presence of CaO in one process, a high sulfate removal was achieved from an initial concentration of 6051 mg/L to 196 mg/L in real reject brine after 4 h of treatment. Furthermore, the sulfate removal efficiency reached up to 88% using HEC, 87% using LFS, and 98% using barium hydroxide. In addition, the barium ions in the treated brine reduced up to 64%. The process led to the precipitation of solid compounds specifically, calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) using CaO and LFS, and barium sulfate (BaSO₄) using Ba(OH)₂ and acid fuchsin (C₂₀H₁₂N₃Na₂O₉S₃) using HEC. The modified method resulted in an energy reduction of 40% from 14.1 kW h/kg SO₄²⁻ to 8.5 kW h/kg SO₄²⁻ compared with the conventional hybrid process.

Original language	English
Article number	138599
Journal	Journal of Cleaner Production
Volume	422
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138599
Publication status	Published - Oct 10 2023

Keywords

Alkaline material
Chemical precipitation
Electrocoagulation
High salinity brine
Sulfate recovery

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
General Environmental Science
Strategy and Management
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138599

Cite this

@article{b3d0cf45ad9e4800997fb77f0b140d65,

title = "Enhanced sulfate recovery from high salinity reject brine through simultaneous chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation",

abstract = "A modified electrocoagulation method is proposed for the recovery of sulfate from high salinity reject brine. This method is based on recovering sulfate using highly/moderately alkaline solids, namely, calcium oxide (CaO), barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and ladle furnace slag (LFS), which are added to high salinity water at specific concentrations, in combination with electrocoagulation at specific current densities. This method does not require a prior chemical precipitation, minimizes the required energy input, and the collected solid products can be further purified using conventional methods of separating sulfate from solid mixtures. The system comprises an electrocoagulation unit with alkaline solids at certain operating and mixing conditions. Rectangular aluminium plates were used as electrodes for the electrocoagulation reactor. A current density of 4.5–22.5 mA/cm2 is applied using a power source. The method involved generating electrons at the anode under moderate to high pH conditions and specific anodic potential. The cathode facilitated the production of hydrogen gas and hydroxyl ions, which effectively improved the dissociation of dissolved sulfate components. Combining the chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation in the presence of CaO in one process, a high sulfate removal was achieved from an initial concentration of 6051 mg/L to 196 mg/L in real reject brine after 4 h of treatment. Furthermore, the sulfate removal efficiency reached up to 88% using HEC, 87% using LFS, and 98% using barium hydroxide. In addition, the barium ions in the treated brine reduced up to 64%. The process led to the precipitation of solid compounds specifically, calcium sulfate (CaSO4) using CaO and LFS, and barium sulfate (BaSO4) using Ba(OH)2 and acid fuchsin (C20H12N3Na2O9S3) using HEC. The modified method resulted in an energy reduction of 40% from 14.1 kW h/kg SO42− to 8.5 kW h/kg SO42− compared with the conventional hybrid process.",

keywords = "Alkaline material, Chemical precipitation, Electrocoagulation, High salinity brine, Sulfate recovery",

author = "Mohammad, {Ameera F.} and Al-Marzouqi, {Ali H.} and El-Naas, {Muftah H.} and {Van der Bruggen}, Bart and Al-Marzouqi, {Mohamed H.} and {Al Musharfy}, Mohamed and Mabruk Suleiman",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023",

year = "2023",

month = oct,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138599",

language = "English",

volume = "422",

journal = "Journal of Cleaner Production",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Enhanced sulfate recovery from high salinity reject brine through simultaneous chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation

AU - Mohammad, Ameera F.

AU - Al-Marzouqi, Ali H.

AU - El-Naas, Muftah H.

AU - Van der Bruggen, Bart

AU - Al-Marzouqi, Mohamed H.

AU - Al Musharfy, Mohamed

AU - Suleiman, Mabruk

PY - 2023/10/10

Y1 - 2023/10/10

N2 - A modified electrocoagulation method is proposed for the recovery of sulfate from high salinity reject brine. This method is based on recovering sulfate using highly/moderately alkaline solids, namely, calcium oxide (CaO), barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and ladle furnace slag (LFS), which are added to high salinity water at specific concentrations, in combination with electrocoagulation at specific current densities. This method does not require a prior chemical precipitation, minimizes the required energy input, and the collected solid products can be further purified using conventional methods of separating sulfate from solid mixtures. The system comprises an electrocoagulation unit with alkaline solids at certain operating and mixing conditions. Rectangular aluminium plates were used as electrodes for the electrocoagulation reactor. A current density of 4.5–22.5 mA/cm2 is applied using a power source. The method involved generating electrons at the anode under moderate to high pH conditions and specific anodic potential. The cathode facilitated the production of hydrogen gas and hydroxyl ions, which effectively improved the dissociation of dissolved sulfate components. Combining the chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation in the presence of CaO in one process, a high sulfate removal was achieved from an initial concentration of 6051 mg/L to 196 mg/L in real reject brine after 4 h of treatment. Furthermore, the sulfate removal efficiency reached up to 88% using HEC, 87% using LFS, and 98% using barium hydroxide. In addition, the barium ions in the treated brine reduced up to 64%. The process led to the precipitation of solid compounds specifically, calcium sulfate (CaSO4) using CaO and LFS, and barium sulfate (BaSO4) using Ba(OH)2 and acid fuchsin (C20H12N3Na2O9S3) using HEC. The modified method resulted in an energy reduction of 40% from 14.1 kW h/kg SO42− to 8.5 kW h/kg SO42− compared with the conventional hybrid process.

AB - A modified electrocoagulation method is proposed for the recovery of sulfate from high salinity reject brine. This method is based on recovering sulfate using highly/moderately alkaline solids, namely, calcium oxide (CaO), barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and ladle furnace slag (LFS), which are added to high salinity water at specific concentrations, in combination with electrocoagulation at specific current densities. This method does not require a prior chemical precipitation, minimizes the required energy input, and the collected solid products can be further purified using conventional methods of separating sulfate from solid mixtures. The system comprises an electrocoagulation unit with alkaline solids at certain operating and mixing conditions. Rectangular aluminium plates were used as electrodes for the electrocoagulation reactor. A current density of 4.5–22.5 mA/cm2 is applied using a power source. The method involved generating electrons at the anode under moderate to high pH conditions and specific anodic potential. The cathode facilitated the production of hydrogen gas and hydroxyl ions, which effectively improved the dissociation of dissolved sulfate components. Combining the chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation in the presence of CaO in one process, a high sulfate removal was achieved from an initial concentration of 6051 mg/L to 196 mg/L in real reject brine after 4 h of treatment. Furthermore, the sulfate removal efficiency reached up to 88% using HEC, 87% using LFS, and 98% using barium hydroxide. In addition, the barium ions in the treated brine reduced up to 64%. The process led to the precipitation of solid compounds specifically, calcium sulfate (CaSO4) using CaO and LFS, and barium sulfate (BaSO4) using Ba(OH)2 and acid fuchsin (C20H12N3Na2O9S3) using HEC. The modified method resulted in an energy reduction of 40% from 14.1 kW h/kg SO42− to 8.5 kW h/kg SO42− compared with the conventional hybrid process.

KW - Alkaline material

KW - Chemical precipitation

KW - Electrocoagulation

KW - High salinity brine

KW - Sulfate recovery

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DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138599

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85169833449

SN - 0959-6526

VL - 422

JO - Journal of Cleaner Production

JF - Journal of Cleaner Production

M1 - 138599

ER -

Enhanced sulfate recovery from high salinity reject brine through simultaneous chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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