Enhancing germination of ghaf seeds (Prosopis cineraria L.) using sulfuric acid scarification and cytokinin

Ghaf (Prosopis cineraria L.) is a multipurpose tree indigenous to the hot deserts of the United Arab Emirates. This species reproduces poorly in nature and is difficult to propagate vegetatively. Ghaf seeds are not often germinating in the field. Seed priming can improve the seed germination rate and could have a significant impact for the desert rehabilitation using these native trees. Therefore, this study investigated the suitable treatment to enhance the germination percentage, germination rates and reduce inconsistent seedling emergence. Treatment with sulfuric acid (50%) and cytokinin (888 μM benzyl adenine) increased germination percentages from 11 to 75% and germination rate. The combination of sulfuric acid and cytokinin was a more effective treatment to start the germination 3 days after sowing. The germination percentage was improved from 11.32% in the untreated seed to 83%. These treated seeds also can be stored at room temperature or 4°C for 30 days with no negative effect on the seed viability. These results have a potential impact on desert reforestation with plantation of Prosopis cineraria.