Entropy generation effects with heat and mass transfer characteristics through staggered enclosure

A growing interest in researching mixed convective flow with the magnetic field has been seen recently. Numerous researchers have focused on problems related to flow within cavities or enclosures, considering various parameters and conditions. However, there seems to be a lack of research that incorporates Casson fluid in a staggered cavity to study heat and mass transfer and entropy generation. So, in this work we tried to conduct a numerical investigation to evaluate the characteristics of thermal performance and mass transport in a staggered cavity under the influence of magnetohydrodynamic conditions with different inclination angles using Casson fluid. The characteristic flow features are examined through non-dimensional parameters such as the Hartmann number (Ha), Lewis number (Le), inclination angle (γ), Reynolds number (Re), and Casson number (β). The findings have been shown as graphical representations, isotherm, isoconcentration, and streamlines. The average Nusselt number and Sherwood number have been plotted for various conditions. The mass concentration and temperature gradient have been shown for different values of Re, Ha, and Casson number. Key findings include a 37.4% increase in the Nusselt number and a 41.8% increase in the Sherwood number as Re increases from 10 to 1000. Similarly, entropy generation is maximized at 90° inclination, while heat and mass transfer rates decline by approximately 20% with higher Ha. It is found that Re and γ can amplify the phenomenon of heat and mass distribution, while the opposite trend is seen for Ha and β. Added to that, the thermal and mass transport performance decreases with the growth of Lewis number in the cavity. Entropy generation has been found to be higher at higher inclination angles for both constant Lewis and Hartmann numbers.