TY - JOUR
T1 - Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
T2 - rising global burden and forecasted trends
AU - Javaid, Syed Fahad
AU - Giebel, Clarissa
AU - Khan, Moien A.B.
AU - Hashim, Muhammad Jawad
N1 - Funding Information:
This is also independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast (ARC NWC). The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Institute for Health Research or the Department of Health and Social Care.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright: © 2021 Javaid SF et al.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: The burden associated with Alzheimer’s disease is recognized as one of the most pressing issues in healthcare. This study aimed to examine the global and regional burden of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Methods: Epidemiological data from the latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset were analysed to determine the prevalence, incidence and mortality rates from 1990 to 2019 for 204 countries and world regions. This dataset derives estimates for health metrics by collating primary data from research studies, disease registries and government reports. Temporal forecasting was conducted using the GBD Foresight tool. Results: An estimated 0.7% of the global population has dementia, translating to 51.6 million people worldwide. The total number of persons affected has more than doubled from 1990 to 2019. Dementia metrics showed a continuous increase in prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rates worldwide during the last three decades. Japan has the highest prevalence (3,079 cases per 100,000), followed by Italy, Slovenia, Monaco, Greece and Germany. The prevalence is higher in high-income regions such as Western Europe compared to Asia and Africa. However, total number of affected individuals is substantial in South and East Asian regions, in particular China, Japan and India. Dementia related deaths are projected to increase from the current 2.4 million per year to 5.8 million by 2040. Women are more likely to be affected by dementia than men. Age-standardized rates have not changed indicating possible stability of risk factors. Conclusions: Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias are rising rapidly and will more than double in mortality burden over the next 20 years. The tremendous burden in high- and middle-income countries can potentially overwhelm communities and health systems. Urgent measures are needed to allocate funding and provide residential care for affected persons.
AB - Background: The burden associated with Alzheimer’s disease is recognized as one of the most pressing issues in healthcare. This study aimed to examine the global and regional burden of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Methods: Epidemiological data from the latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset were analysed to determine the prevalence, incidence and mortality rates from 1990 to 2019 for 204 countries and world regions. This dataset derives estimates for health metrics by collating primary data from research studies, disease registries and government reports. Temporal forecasting was conducted using the GBD Foresight tool. Results: An estimated 0.7% of the global population has dementia, translating to 51.6 million people worldwide. The total number of persons affected has more than doubled from 1990 to 2019. Dementia metrics showed a continuous increase in prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rates worldwide during the last three decades. Japan has the highest prevalence (3,079 cases per 100,000), followed by Italy, Slovenia, Monaco, Greece and Germany. The prevalence is higher in high-income regions such as Western Europe compared to Asia and Africa. However, total number of affected individuals is substantial in South and East Asian regions, in particular China, Japan and India. Dementia related deaths are projected to increase from the current 2.4 million per year to 5.8 million by 2040. Women are more likely to be affected by dementia than men. Age-standardized rates have not changed indicating possible stability of risk factors. Conclusions: Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias are rising rapidly and will more than double in mortality burden over the next 20 years. The tremendous burden in high- and middle-income countries can potentially overwhelm communities and health systems. Urgent measures are needed to allocate funding and provide residential care for affected persons.
KW - Alzheimer’s disease
KW - Lewy body disease
KW - dementia
KW - epidemiology
KW - frontotemporal lobar degeneration
KW - mild cognitive impairment
KW - mortality
KW - neurocognitive disorders
KW - prevalence
KW - vascular dementia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123483646&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85123483646&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.12688/f1000research.50786.1
DO - 10.12688/f1000research.50786.1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85123483646
SN - 2046-1402
VL - 10
JO - F1000Research
JF - F1000Research
M1 - 425
ER -