TY - JOUR
T1 - Essential oils and their nanoemulsions as green alternatives to antibiotics in poultry nutrition
T2 - a comprehensive review
AU - Abd El-Hack, Mohamed E.
AU - El-Saadony, Mohamed T.
AU - Saad, Ahmed M.
AU - Salem, Heba M.
AU - Ashry, Noha M.
AU - Abo Ghanima, Mahmoud M.
AU - Shukry, Mustafa
AU - Swelum, Ayman A.
AU - Taha, Ayman E.
AU - El-Tahan, Amira M.
AU - AbuQamar, Synan F.
AU - El-Tarabily, Khaled A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - Increasing market pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics and the Veterinary Feed Directive of 2019 have led to expanded research on alternate antibiotic solutions. This review aimed to assess the benefits of using essential oils (EOs) and their nanoemulsions (NEs) as feed supplements for poultry and their potential use as antibiotic alternatives in organic poultry production. Antibiotics are commonly used to enhance the growth and prevent diseases in poultry animals due to their antimicrobial activities. EOs are a complex mixture of volatile compounds derived from plants and manufactured via various fermentation, extraction, and steam distillation methods. EOs are categorized into 2 groups of compounds: terpenes and phenylpropenes. Differences among various EOs depend on the source plant type, physical and chemical soil conditions, harvest time, plant maturity, drying technology used, storage conditions, and extraction time. EOs can be used for therapeutic purposes in various situations in broiler production as they possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral activities. Several studies have been conducted using various combinations of EOs or crude extracts of their bioactive compounds to investigate their complexity and applications in organic poultry production. NEs are carrier systems that can be used to overcome the volatile nature of EOs, which is a major factor limiting their application. NEs are being progressively used to improve the bioavailability of the volatile lipophilic components of EOs. This review discusses the use of these nonantibiotic alternatives as antibiotics for poultry feed in organic poultry production.
AB - Increasing market pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics and the Veterinary Feed Directive of 2019 have led to expanded research on alternate antibiotic solutions. This review aimed to assess the benefits of using essential oils (EOs) and their nanoemulsions (NEs) as feed supplements for poultry and their potential use as antibiotic alternatives in organic poultry production. Antibiotics are commonly used to enhance the growth and prevent diseases in poultry animals due to their antimicrobial activities. EOs are a complex mixture of volatile compounds derived from plants and manufactured via various fermentation, extraction, and steam distillation methods. EOs are categorized into 2 groups of compounds: terpenes and phenylpropenes. Differences among various EOs depend on the source plant type, physical and chemical soil conditions, harvest time, plant maturity, drying technology used, storage conditions, and extraction time. EOs can be used for therapeutic purposes in various situations in broiler production as they possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral activities. Several studies have been conducted using various combinations of EOs or crude extracts of their bioactive compounds to investigate their complexity and applications in organic poultry production. NEs are carrier systems that can be used to overcome the volatile nature of EOs, which is a major factor limiting their application. NEs are being progressively used to improve the bioavailability of the volatile lipophilic components of EOs. This review discusses the use of these nonantibiotic alternatives as antibiotics for poultry feed in organic poultry production.
KW - antibiotic alternatives
KW - essential oils
KW - nanoemulsions
KW - organic poultry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85120671534&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85120671534&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101584
DO - 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101584
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34942519
AN - SCOPUS:85120671534
SN - 0032-5791
VL - 101
JO - Poultry science
JF - Poultry science
IS - 2
M1 - 101584
ER -