Exploring the frontier: nanorefrigerants and nanolubricants in modern engineering

Nonrenewable energy resources are limited in the world and exhausting at a speedy rate. So, scientists are trying to develop renewable energy sources and such systems which are energy efficient. One of them is called nanofluid. Hence, conventional fluid is used in different technological systems, which consumes much energy. Energy is also wasted during these operational processes, so nanofluid is a great idea to counter these problems. These nanofluids include nanorefrigerants and nanolubricant, one of the recently developed nanotechnology. The combination of nanoparticles plus refrigerants synthesizes nanorefrigerants, while the combination of nanoparticles plus lubricant prepares nanolubricants. At present, nanorefrigerant and nanolubricants is an emergent field which has greater capability to induce the durability and efficiency of the base fluid. These nanofluids experimentally showed highly enhanced heat transfer capabilities, energy-efficient and cost-effectiveness, high thermal conductivity, high specific heat, and tribological properties. They also have high dispersion stability and decreased pumping power. Here the advent of nanorefrigerants and nanolubricants is discussed. The physical properties, it’s uses, and application of these nanofluids are also reviewed here.