Fabrication of highly efficient and stable indirect Z-scheme assembly of AgBr/TiO                         2                          via graphene as a solid-state electron mediator for visible light induced enhanced photocatalytic H                         2                          production

Nasir Shehzad; Muhammad Tahir; Khairiraihanna Johari; Thanabalan Murugesan; Murid Hussain

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.250

Fabrication of highly efficient and stable indirect Z-scheme assembly of AgBr/TiO ₂ via graphene as a solid-state electron mediator for visible light induced enhanced photocatalytic H ₂ production

Nasir Shehzad, Muhammad Tahir, Khairiraihanna Johari, Thanabalan Murugesan, Murid Hussain

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

84 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this study, indirect Z-schematic assembly of AgBr and TiO ₂ via graphene as a solid-state electron mediator was developed and investigated for photocatalytic H ₂ production. The AgBr/rGO/TiO ₂ was fabricated using facile two-step synthesis method which includes the growth of AgBr and deposition of TiO ₂ on graphene oxide sheets followed by partial reduction through reflux method. The photocatalysts were characterized using TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, nitrogen (N ₂ ) adsorption and desorption, Raman, PL and UV–Vis spectroscopy to understand morphology, structure, chemical and optical properties. Alterations in band structures, elevation of conduction band positions and reduction in band gap energies of rGO-modified AgBr/TiO ₂ photocatalysts were evaluated. The performance of AgBr/rGO/TiO ₂ exhibited 2025 ppm of H ₂ production, which was 7 fold higher than AgBr/TiO ₂ (289 ppm), 2.3 fold higher than rGO/TiO ₂ (885 ppm) and 13.4 fold higher than TiO ₂ (151 ppm). Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Z-schematic composites can be attributed to strong interfacial bonding (AgBr—rGO–TiO ₂ ), efficient transfer of electrons due to synergistic effect of AgBr and rGO as well as extended light absorption due to highly light sensitive AgBr. In addition, yield of H ₂ production was decreased above 5% AgBr loading and dosage of 0.10 g of photocatalyst due to incompatibility of ratio and shielding effect of particles. Moreover, with increase of temperature and concentration of hole scavenger, yield of H ₂ production was gradually increased which demonstrated the contribution of H ₂ from photoreforming of hole scavenger. Based on the experimental and characterizations results, a possible mechanism that highlighted the surface redox reactions and charge transfer pattern on AgBr/rGO/TiO ₂ was developed. Thus, indirect Z-scheme assembly of AgBr/rGO/TiO ₂ could be a promising photocatalyst for solar energy assisted H ₂ production.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	445-455
Number of pages	11
Journal	Applied Surface Science
Volume	463
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.250
Publication status	Published - Jan 1 2019
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Graphene
Hydrogen
Silver bromide
Solid-state electron mediator
Titania
Z-scheme assembly

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
Condensed Matter Physics
General Physics and Astronomy
Surfaces and Interfaces
Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Access to Document

10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.250

Cite this

Shehzad, N., Tahir, M., Johari, K., Murugesan, T., & Hussain, M. (2019). Fabrication of highly efficient and stable indirect Z-scheme assembly of AgBr/TiO ₂ via graphene as a solid-state electron mediator for visible light induced enhanced photocatalytic H ₂ production Applied Surface Science, 463, 445-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.250

Fabrication of highly efficient and stable indirect Z-scheme assembly of AgBr/TiO ₂ via graphene as a solid-state electron mediator for visible light induced enhanced photocatalytic H ₂ production . / Shehzad, Nasir; Tahir, Muhammad; Johari, Khairiraihanna et al.
In: Applied Surface Science, Vol. 463, 01.01.2019, p. 445-455.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Shehzad, N, Tahir, M, Johari, K, Murugesan, T & Hussain, M 2019, ' Fabrication of highly efficient and stable indirect Z-scheme assembly of AgBr/TiO ₂ via graphene as a solid-state electron mediator for visible light induced enhanced photocatalytic H ₂ production ', Applied Surface Science, vol. 463, pp. 445-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.250

Shehzad N, Tahir M, Johari K, Murugesan T, Hussain M. Fabrication of highly efficient and stable indirect Z-scheme assembly of AgBr/TiO ₂ via graphene as a solid-state electron mediator for visible light induced enhanced photocatalytic H ₂ production Applied Surface Science. 2019 Jan 1;463:445-455. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.250

Shehzad, Nasir ; Tahir, Muhammad ; Johari, Khairiraihanna et al. / Fabrication of highly efficient and stable indirect Z-scheme assembly of AgBr/TiO ₂ via graphene as a solid-state electron mediator for visible light induced enhanced photocatalytic H ₂ production In: Applied Surface Science. 2019 ; Vol. 463. pp. 445-455.

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title = " Fabrication of highly efficient and stable indirect Z-scheme assembly of AgBr/TiO 2 via graphene as a solid-state electron mediator for visible light induced enhanced photocatalytic H 2 production ",

abstract = " In this study, indirect Z-schematic assembly of AgBr and TiO 2 via graphene as a solid-state electron mediator was developed and investigated for photocatalytic H 2 production. The AgBr/rGO/TiO 2 was fabricated using facile two-step synthesis method which includes the growth of AgBr and deposition of TiO 2 on graphene oxide sheets followed by partial reduction through reflux method. The photocatalysts were characterized using TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, nitrogen (N 2 ) adsorption and desorption, Raman, PL and UV–Vis spectroscopy to understand morphology, structure, chemical and optical properties. Alterations in band structures, elevation of conduction band positions and reduction in band gap energies of rGO-modified AgBr/TiO 2 photocatalysts were evaluated. The performance of AgBr/rGO/TiO 2 exhibited 2025 ppm of H 2 production, which was 7 fold higher than AgBr/TiO 2 (289 ppm), 2.3 fold higher than rGO/TiO 2 (885 ppm) and 13.4 fold higher than TiO 2 (151 ppm). Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Z-schematic composites can be attributed to strong interfacial bonding (AgBr—rGO–TiO 2 ), efficient transfer of electrons due to synergistic effect of AgBr and rGO as well as extended light absorption due to highly light sensitive AgBr. In addition, yield of H 2 production was decreased above 5% AgBr loading and dosage of 0.10 g of photocatalyst due to incompatibility of ratio and shielding effect of particles. Moreover, with increase of temperature and concentration of hole scavenger, yield of H 2 production was gradually increased which demonstrated the contribution of H 2 from photoreforming of hole scavenger. Based on the experimental and characterizations results, a possible mechanism that highlighted the surface redox reactions and charge transfer pattern on AgBr/rGO/TiO 2 was developed. Thus, indirect Z-scheme assembly of AgBr/rGO/TiO 2 could be a promising photocatalyst for solar energy assisted H 2 production.",

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AU - Murugesan, Thanabalan

AU - Hussain, Murid

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AB - In this study, indirect Z-schematic assembly of AgBr and TiO 2 via graphene as a solid-state electron mediator was developed and investigated for photocatalytic H 2 production. The AgBr/rGO/TiO 2 was fabricated using facile two-step synthesis method which includes the growth of AgBr and deposition of TiO 2 on graphene oxide sheets followed by partial reduction through reflux method. The photocatalysts were characterized using TEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, nitrogen (N 2 ) adsorption and desorption, Raman, PL and UV–Vis spectroscopy to understand morphology, structure, chemical and optical properties. Alterations in band structures, elevation of conduction band positions and reduction in band gap energies of rGO-modified AgBr/TiO 2 photocatalysts were evaluated. The performance of AgBr/rGO/TiO 2 exhibited 2025 ppm of H 2 production, which was 7 fold higher than AgBr/TiO 2 (289 ppm), 2.3 fold higher than rGO/TiO 2 (885 ppm) and 13.4 fold higher than TiO 2 (151 ppm). Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Z-schematic composites can be attributed to strong interfacial bonding (AgBr—rGO–TiO 2 ), efficient transfer of electrons due to synergistic effect of AgBr and rGO as well as extended light absorption due to highly light sensitive AgBr. In addition, yield of H 2 production was decreased above 5% AgBr loading and dosage of 0.10 g of photocatalyst due to incompatibility of ratio and shielding effect of particles. Moreover, with increase of temperature and concentration of hole scavenger, yield of H 2 production was gradually increased which demonstrated the contribution of H 2 from photoreforming of hole scavenger. Based on the experimental and characterizations results, a possible mechanism that highlighted the surface redox reactions and charge transfer pattern on AgBr/rGO/TiO 2 was developed. Thus, indirect Z-scheme assembly of AgBr/rGO/TiO 2 could be a promising photocatalyst for solar energy assisted H 2 production.

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