Fire under the ashes: A descriptive review on the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the food supply chain

The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence and implications of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) within the food supply chain. Beginning with the molecular mechanisms of MRSA resistance, it delves into the transmission pathways within the food chain. It examines MRSA identification in livestock and poultry, revealing concerning trends and the potential for zoonotic transmission. The review also elucidates the correlation between MRSA in livestock and humans, emphasizing the bidirectional flow of the pathogen and the need for integrated surveillance and control measures. The investigation extends to MRSA in retail food and fresh products, underscoring contamination challenges at various production and distribution stages. Additionally, the presence of MRSA in aquaculture and seafood is explored, broadening the scope of concern and stressing the need for a holistic approach to food safety. The review concludes by underscoring the urgent need for standardized MRSA detection and reporting methods throughout the food chain. It calls for concerted efforts from researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders to implement comprehensive surveillance, enhance biosecurity measures, promote responsible antibiotic use, and foster interdisciplinary collaboration. Addressing these challenges proactively will help mitigate MRSA spread and safeguard public health in the context of foodborne illnesses.