Full Connectivity Driven K-LEACH Algorithm for Efficient Data Forwarding in Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to the usage of Internet in everything in our life, our environment is transformed into digital society, in which everything can be accessed from anywhere. This is the main concept of Internet of Things (IoT), which consists of intelligent devices connected together without location limitation. These devices can be sensors and actuators, which are used in environmental monitoring, home automation, disaster management and more. This is the definition of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), which is considered a subset from IoT environment. WSN consists of hundreds of nodes spread in different area for monitoring different physical objects, it suffers from highest energy consumption of nodes, which affect network lifetime. Different routing protocols are used to cope with this challenge, Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is the most common used one. LEACH is a cluster-based micro sensor network protocol that offers energy-efficient, and scalable routing for sensor nodes. So, in this paper, we investigate and present a modified algorithm using LEACH in conjunction with K-means clustering approach in order to achieve a Full Connectivity Driven K-LEACH algorithm (FCDK-LEACH). Based on the CH selection, the k-means algorithm aids in decreasing energy usage and therefore extending network lifetime. The CH is chosen based on the remaining energy level and the CH’s position with relation to the sensor node. The evaluation results show that our modified k-means-based hierarchical clustering enhances network lifetime.