TY - GEN
T1 - Global TEC Response to the November 2021 Geomagnetic Storm
AU - Darya, Abdollah Masoud
AU - Shaikh, Muhammad
AU - Fernini, Ilias
AU - AlNaimiy, Hamid
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - This work reports the global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) distribution using global ionosphere maps (GIM) and Swarm satellite observations one day before and one day after the November 2021 geomagnetic storm. The November 2021 storm was the first intense storm of solar cycle 25, resulting from a cannibalistic coronal mass ejection, which is a combination of two coronal mass ejections. The main features observed were the enhancement of the equatorial ionization anomaly for up to 8 h post-storm sudden commencement (SSC), and the depletion of TEC along the equator compared to the post-storm day. Additionally, a hemispherical asymmetry was observed 8 h post-SSC in the form of an enhancement of TEC along the high-latitude northern hemisphere and depletion along the high-latitude southern hemisphere compared to the pre-storm day. This asymmetry lasted for more than 8 h. The maximum upper ionosphere (above the F2 layer peak) TEC observed by Swarm satellites started decreasing 6 h post-SSC and reached levels lower than that of pre-storm day. Additionally, the mean TEC of the upper ionosphere observed by Swarm satellites was lower for the entire post-storm day than the pre-storm day. This feature contradicts what was observed from GIM, where an enhancement of TEC was observed post-storm, particularly along low latitudes, and northern hemisphere high latitudes. This decrease of TEC in the upper ionosphere can be attributed to the lowering of the post-storm ionospheric F-region height on the dayside of the globe, as reported in previous work and confirmed empirically in this work.
AB - This work reports the global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) distribution using global ionosphere maps (GIM) and Swarm satellite observations one day before and one day after the November 2021 geomagnetic storm. The November 2021 storm was the first intense storm of solar cycle 25, resulting from a cannibalistic coronal mass ejection, which is a combination of two coronal mass ejections. The main features observed were the enhancement of the equatorial ionization anomaly for up to 8 h post-storm sudden commencement (SSC), and the depletion of TEC along the equator compared to the post-storm day. Additionally, a hemispherical asymmetry was observed 8 h post-SSC in the form of an enhancement of TEC along the high-latitude northern hemisphere and depletion along the high-latitude southern hemisphere compared to the pre-storm day. This asymmetry lasted for more than 8 h. The maximum upper ionosphere (above the F2 layer peak) TEC observed by Swarm satellites started decreasing 6 h post-SSC and reached levels lower than that of pre-storm day. Additionally, the mean TEC of the upper ionosphere observed by Swarm satellites was lower for the entire post-storm day than the pre-storm day. This feature contradicts what was observed from GIM, where an enhancement of TEC was observed post-storm, particularly along low latitudes, and northern hemisphere high latitudes. This decrease of TEC in the upper ionosphere can be attributed to the lowering of the post-storm ionospheric F-region height on the dayside of the globe, as reported in previous work and confirmed empirically in this work.
KW - GIM
KW - Ionosphere
KW - Swarm
KW - Total electron content
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85189502002&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85189502002&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-031-47079-0_37
DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-47079-0_37
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85189502002
SN - 9783031470783
T3 - Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation
SP - 167
EP - 170
BT - Recent Advancements from Aquifers to Skies in Hydrogeology, Geoecology, and Atmospheric Sciences - Proceedings of the 2nd MedGU, 2022 Volume 1
A2 - Chenchouni, Haroun
A2 - Zhang, Zhihua
A2 - Bisht, Deepak Singh
A2 - Gentilucci, Matteo
A2 - Chen, Mingjie
A2 - Chaminé, Helder I.
A2 - Barbieri, Maurizio
A2 - Jat, Mahesh Kumar
A2 - Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús
A2 - Panagoulia, Dionysia
A2 - Kallel, Amjad
A2 - Biswas, Arkoprovo
A2 - Turan, Veysel
A2 - Knight, Jasper
A2 - Çiner, Attila
A2 - Candeias, Carla
A2 - Ergüler, Zeynal Abiddin
PB - Springer Nature
T2 - 2nd International conference on Mediterranean Geosciences Union, MedGU 2022
Y2 - 27 November 2022 through 30 November 2022
ER -
