GPR and electromagnetic induction surveys at the hilltop site of Ul (Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal)

Ul is an archaeological site located on a hilltop near modern Oliveira de Azeméis (NW Portugal). It had several occupations over time, at least sporadically since the Bronze Age, and is nowadays a small parish with a number of scattered houses and a church, built against and around the Northern slope. Occasional fieldwork, some of it lacking publication, was carried out during the 20th century, followed by a new set of test trenches, as well as two series of geophysical surveys using GPR and electomagnetic induction methods. Some of the results from both the non-invasive and invasive approaches are presented in this paper, and integrate an ongoing discussion about Iron Age and Roman settlement in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula.