Graphene nanoplatelets-water nanofluids: A sustainable approach to enhancing Ti-6Al-4V grinding performance through minimum quantity lubrication

This study introduces a stable, water-based graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanofluid as a sustainable cutting fluid for grinding Ti-6Al-4V alloy under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). Using ethanol and sodium deoxycholate (SDOC) surfactant, the dispersion stability of GNPs in water was remarkably extended from 1 h to 57 days. This novel nanofluid formulation enhances wettability, thermal conductivity, and tribological properties. Grinding tests showed a 0.35 mg/mL water-GNPs concentration reduced grinding forces by 74.44 % and 33.37 % compared to dry and conventional flood lubrication, respectively, while improving surface roughness. Raman spectroscopy confirmed graphene's presence on the machined surface, highlighting the potential of water-GNPs nanofluids as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional metalworking fluids, enhancing sustainability in manufacturing.