TY - JOUR
T1 - Host defense peptides in skin secretions of the Oregon spotted frog Rana pretiosa
T2 - Implications for species resistance to chytridiomycosis
AU - Conlon, J. Michael
AU - Mechkarska, Milena
AU - Ahmed, Eman
AU - Coquet, Laurent
AU - Jouenne, Thierry
AU - Leprince, Jérôme
AU - Vaudry, Hubert
AU - Hayes, Marc P.
AU - Padgett-Flohr, Gretchen
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for this work was provided by a Faculty Support Grant from United Arab Emirates University .
PY - 2011/6
Y1 - 2011/6
N2 - Population declines due to chytridiomycosis among frogs belonging to the Amerana (Rana boylii) species group from western North America have been particularly severe. Norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Oregon spotted frog Rana pretiosa Baird and Girard, 1853 were collected from individuals that had been previously infected with the causative agent Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis but had proved resistant to developing chytridiomycosis. These secretions contained a more diverse array of antimicrobial peptides than found in other species from the Amerana group and 14 peptides were isolated in pure form. Determination of their primary structures identified the peptides as esculentin-2PRa and -2PRb; ranatuerin-2PRa, -2PRb, -2PRc, -2PRd, and -2PRe; brevinin-1PRa, -1PRb, -1PRc, and -1PRd; and temporin-PRa, -PRb, and -PRc. The strongly cationic ranatuerin-2PRd and the esculentin-2 peptides, which have not been identified in the secretions of other Amerana species except for the closely related R. luteiventris, showed the highest growth inhibitory potency against microorganisms. The strongly hydrophobic brevinin-1PRd was the most cytotoxic to erythrocytes. Although no clear correlation exists between production of dermal antimicrobial peptides by a species and its resistance to fatal chytridiomycosis, the diversity of these peptides in R. pretiosa may be pivotal in defending the species against environmental pathogens such as B. dendrobatidis.
AB - Population declines due to chytridiomycosis among frogs belonging to the Amerana (Rana boylii) species group from western North America have been particularly severe. Norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Oregon spotted frog Rana pretiosa Baird and Girard, 1853 were collected from individuals that had been previously infected with the causative agent Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis but had proved resistant to developing chytridiomycosis. These secretions contained a more diverse array of antimicrobial peptides than found in other species from the Amerana group and 14 peptides were isolated in pure form. Determination of their primary structures identified the peptides as esculentin-2PRa and -2PRb; ranatuerin-2PRa, -2PRb, -2PRc, -2PRd, and -2PRe; brevinin-1PRa, -1PRb, -1PRc, and -1PRd; and temporin-PRa, -PRb, and -PRc. The strongly cationic ranatuerin-2PRd and the esculentin-2 peptides, which have not been identified in the secretions of other Amerana species except for the closely related R. luteiventris, showed the highest growth inhibitory potency against microorganisms. The strongly hydrophobic brevinin-1PRd was the most cytotoxic to erythrocytes. Although no clear correlation exists between production of dermal antimicrobial peptides by a species and its resistance to fatal chytridiomycosis, the diversity of these peptides in R. pretiosa may be pivotal in defending the species against environmental pathogens such as B. dendrobatidis.
KW - Antimicrobial peptides
KW - Brevinin-1
KW - Chytridiomycosis
KW - Esculentin-2
KW - Frog skin secretions
KW - Ranatuerin-2
KW - Temporin
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U2 - 10.1016/j.dci.2011.01.017
DO - 10.1016/j.dci.2011.01.017
M3 - Article
C2 - 21295070
AN - SCOPUS:79952452918
SN - 0145-305X
VL - 35
SP - 644
EP - 649
JO - Developmental and Comparative Immunology
JF - Developmental and Comparative Immunology
IS - 6
ER -