How to improve Zn-ion batteries performance: Innovative strategies for the optimization of Zn anode

Zinc-ion secondary batteries present significant potential due to their remarkable charge-discharge performance, high power and energy density, cost-effectiveness, safety, and eco-friendliness. Metallic zinc, with its excellent conductivity, low equilibrium potential, high theoretical specific capacity, and affordability, is a promising anode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. However, challenges such as dendrite formation, corrosion, passivation, and issues with conventional aqueous electrolytes (e.g., electrolyte decomposition and cathode dissolution) limit their reversible capacity and lifespan. This article systematically reviews innovative strategies to enhance zinc anode performance, covering advancements in material composition—such as metal zinc, composite zinc, and zinc alloy anodes—as well as recent improvements in thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of zinc plating/stripping. Strategies to improve anode performance, including electrode surface coatings, structural design optimizations, advanced diaphragm materials, and electrolyte engineering, are also discussed. By addressing these key areas, this review provides insights into overcoming current challenges and outlines a future outlook for the development of high-performance, rechargeable zinc-ion battery technology.