Abstract
Scenedesmus species, immobilized on alginate gel, was found effective in removing nitrate, atrazine, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, oxadiazon, and triallate from groundwater in a continuous flow reactor. The laboratory-scale experiments with synthetic groundwater, made of 8.8 mg/L NO3-N and 90 µg/L atrazine, were performed at a hydraulic retention time of 7 days and the temperatures of 20 and 35°C. The highest uptake of nitrate and atrazine was observed at 20°C (97% and 70%, respectively). When tested in actual groundwater, 92% of nitrate, 100% of magnesium, 99.9% of phosphorus, and 92% of zinc were successfully removed at the end of 29 days’ treatment operations. The algal beads removed 100% of oxadiazon and triallate in the first 10 days, but some of the herbicides diffused back into the solution toward the end of the treatment process. Practitioner points: Immobilized algae–alginate beads can remove nitrate, atrazine, oxadiazon, and triallate from groundwater in continuous flow reactor. The uptake rate of nitrate and atrazine is higher in room temperature (20°C). Same algae beads could be reused for herbicide uptake for the average of 10 days. The immobilized system is a natural sustainable alternative that can be used in groundwater pump and treat.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 263-273 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Water Environment Research |
Volume | 93 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Feb 2021 |
Keywords
- Scenedesmus sp.
- biological treatment
- groundwater
- herbicides removal
- immobilized algae
- nitrate removal
- oxadiazon
- triallate
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Environmental Chemistry
- Ecological Modelling
- Water Science and Technology
- Waste Management and Disposal
- Pollution