TY - JOUR
T1 - Immobilized algae-based treatment of herbicide-contaminated groundwater
AU - Mollamohammada, Sara
AU - Aly Hassan, Ashraf
AU - Dahab, Mohamed
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Research Council [Seed Grant], National Water Center, and United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) [Grant Number G00003297]. The authors gratefully acknowledge the instrument and the technical support provided by ENTECH INSTRUMENTS in performing this work.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Research Council [Seed Grant], National Water Center, and United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) [Grant Number G00003297]. The authors gratefully acknowledge the instrument and the technical support provided by ENTECH INSTRUMENTS in performing this work.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Water Environment Federation
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Scenedesmus species, immobilized on alginate gel, was found effective in removing nitrate, atrazine, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, oxadiazon, and triallate from groundwater in a continuous flow reactor. The laboratory-scale experiments with synthetic groundwater, made of 8.8 mg/L NO3-N and 90 µg/L atrazine, were performed at a hydraulic retention time of 7 days and the temperatures of 20 and 35°C. The highest uptake of nitrate and atrazine was observed at 20°C (97% and 70%, respectively). When tested in actual groundwater, 92% of nitrate, 100% of magnesium, 99.9% of phosphorus, and 92% of zinc were successfully removed at the end of 29 days’ treatment operations. The algal beads removed 100% of oxadiazon and triallate in the first 10 days, but some of the herbicides diffused back into the solution toward the end of the treatment process. Practitioner points: Immobilized algae–alginate beads can remove nitrate, atrazine, oxadiazon, and triallate from groundwater in continuous flow reactor. The uptake rate of nitrate and atrazine is higher in room temperature (20°C). Same algae beads could be reused for herbicide uptake for the average of 10 days. The immobilized system is a natural sustainable alternative that can be used in groundwater pump and treat.
AB - Scenedesmus species, immobilized on alginate gel, was found effective in removing nitrate, atrazine, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, oxadiazon, and triallate from groundwater in a continuous flow reactor. The laboratory-scale experiments with synthetic groundwater, made of 8.8 mg/L NO3-N and 90 µg/L atrazine, were performed at a hydraulic retention time of 7 days and the temperatures of 20 and 35°C. The highest uptake of nitrate and atrazine was observed at 20°C (97% and 70%, respectively). When tested in actual groundwater, 92% of nitrate, 100% of magnesium, 99.9% of phosphorus, and 92% of zinc were successfully removed at the end of 29 days’ treatment operations. The algal beads removed 100% of oxadiazon and triallate in the first 10 days, but some of the herbicides diffused back into the solution toward the end of the treatment process. Practitioner points: Immobilized algae–alginate beads can remove nitrate, atrazine, oxadiazon, and triallate from groundwater in continuous flow reactor. The uptake rate of nitrate and atrazine is higher in room temperature (20°C). Same algae beads could be reused for herbicide uptake for the average of 10 days. The immobilized system is a natural sustainable alternative that can be used in groundwater pump and treat.
KW - biological treatment
KW - groundwater
KW - herbicides removal
KW - immobilized algae
KW - nitrate removal
KW - oxadiazon
KW - Scenedesmus sp.
KW - triallate
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U2 - 10.1002/wer.1405
DO - 10.1002/wer.1405
M3 - Article
C2 - 32678918
AN - SCOPUS:85088940886
SN - 1061-4303
VL - 93
SP - 263
EP - 273
JO - Water Environment Research
JF - Water Environment Research
IS - 2
ER -