TY - JOUR
T1 - Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids
T2 - Could they help against COVID-19?
AU - Shakoor, Hira
AU - Feehan, Jack
AU - Al Dhaheri, Ayesha S.
AU - Ali, Habiba I.
AU - Platat, Carine
AU - Ismail, Leila Cheikh
AU - Apostolopoulos, Vasso
AU - Stojanovska, Lily
N1 - Funding Information:
VA would like to thank the Immunology and Translational Research Group and the Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University for their support. JF was supported by the U niversity of Melbourne Postgraduate Scholarship. VA would like to thank the Thelma and Paul Constantinou Foundation, and The Pappas Family, whose generous philanthropic support made possible the preparation of this paper.VA was supported in part by the Planetary Health Grant PH098 from V U Research, Victoria University Australia .
Funding Information:
HS, LS, ASAD, HIA and CP would like to acknowledge the Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, United Arab Emirates University for their ongoing support. VA would like to thank the Immunology and Translational Research Group and the Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University for their support. JF was supported by the University of Melbourne Postgraduate Scholarship. VA would like to thank the Thelma and Paul Constantinou Foundation, and The Pappas Family, whose generous philanthropic support made possible the preparation of this paper.VA was supported in part by the Planetary Health Grant PH098 from VU Research, Victoria University Australia.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - The world is currently in the grips of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has mutated to allow human-to-human spread. Infection can cause fever, dry cough, fatigue, severe pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome and in some instances death. COVID-19 affects the immune system by producing a systemic inflammatory response, or cytokine release syndrome. Patients with COVID-19 have shown a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. There are currently no effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 viral drugs or vaccines. COVID-19 disproportionately affects the elderly, both directly, and through a number of significant age-related comorbidities. Undoubtedly, nutrition is a key determinant of maintaining good health. Key dietary components such as vitamins C, D, E, zinc, selenium and the omega 3 fatty acids have well-established immunomodulatory effects, with benefits in infectious disease. Some of these nutrients have also been shown to have a potential role in the management of COVID-19. In this paper, evidence surrounding the role of these dietary components in immunity as well as their specific effect in COVID-19 patients are discussed. In addition, how supplementation of these nutrients may be used as therapeutic modalities potentially to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates of patients with COVID-19 is discussed.
AB - The world is currently in the grips of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has mutated to allow human-to-human spread. Infection can cause fever, dry cough, fatigue, severe pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome and in some instances death. COVID-19 affects the immune system by producing a systemic inflammatory response, or cytokine release syndrome. Patients with COVID-19 have shown a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. There are currently no effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 viral drugs or vaccines. COVID-19 disproportionately affects the elderly, both directly, and through a number of significant age-related comorbidities. Undoubtedly, nutrition is a key determinant of maintaining good health. Key dietary components such as vitamins C, D, E, zinc, selenium and the omega 3 fatty acids have well-established immunomodulatory effects, with benefits in infectious disease. Some of these nutrients have also been shown to have a potential role in the management of COVID-19. In this paper, evidence surrounding the role of these dietary components in immunity as well as their specific effect in COVID-19 patients are discussed. In addition, how supplementation of these nutrients may be used as therapeutic modalities potentially to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates of patients with COVID-19 is discussed.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Immunomodulation
KW - Omega-3
KW - Pandemic
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - Selenium
KW - Vitamin C
KW - Vitamin D
KW - Vitamin E
KW - Zinc
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089425030&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85089425030&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003
DO - 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33308613
AN - SCOPUS:85089425030
VL - 143
SP - 1
EP - 9
JO - Maturitas
JF - Maturitas
SN - 0378-5122
ER -