TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of Age and Sex on COVID-19 Severity Assessed From Radiologic and Clinical Findings
AU - Statsenko, Yauhen
AU - Al Zahmi, Fatmah
AU - Habuza, Tetiana
AU - Almansoori, Taleb M.
AU - Smetanina, Darya
AU - Simiyu, Gillian Lylian
AU - Neidl-Van Gorkom, Klaus
AU - Ljubisavljevic, Milos
AU - Awawdeh, Rasha
AU - Elshekhali, Hossam
AU - Lee, Martin
AU - Salamin, Nassim
AU - Sajid, Ruhina
AU - Kiran, Dhanya
AU - Nihalani, Sanjay
AU - Loney, Tom
AU - Bedson, Antony
AU - Dehdashtian, Alireza
AU - Al Koteesh, Jamal
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Statsenko, Al Zahmi, Habuza, Almansoori, Smetanina, Simiyu, Neidl-Van Gorkom, Ljubisavljevic, Awawdeh, Elshekhali, Lee, Salamin, Sajid, Kiran, Nihalani, Loney, Bedson, Dehdashtian and Al Koteesh.
PY - 2022/2/25
Y1 - 2022/2/25
N2 - Background: Data on the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of COVID-19 in patients of different ages and sex are limited. Existing studies have mainly focused on the pediatric and elderly population. Objective: Assess whether age and sex interact with other risk factors to influence the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and Methods: The study sample included all consecutive patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria and who were treated from 24 February to 1 July 2020 in Dubai Mediclinic Parkview (560 cases) and Al Ain Hospital (605 cases), United Arab Emirates. We compared disease severity estimated from the radiological findings among patients of different age groups and sex. To analyze factors associated with an increased risk of severe disease, we conducted uni- and multivariate regression analyses. Specifically, age, sex, laboratory findings, and personal risk factors were used to predict moderate and severe COVID-19 with conventional machine learning methods. Results: Need for O2 supplementation was positively correlated with age. Intensive care was required more often for men of all ages (p < 0.01). Males were more likely to have at least moderate disease severity (p = 0.0083). These findings were aligned with the results of biochemical findings and suggest a direct correlation between older age and male sex with a severe course of the disease. In young males (18–39 years), the percentage of the lung parenchyma covered with consolidation and the density characteristics of lesions were higher than those of other age groups; however, there was no marked sex difference in middle-aged (40–64 years) and older adults (≥65 years). From the univariate analysis, the risk of the non-mild COVID-19 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in midlife adults and older adults compared to young adults. The multivariate analysis provided similar findings. Conclusion: Age and sex were important predictors of disease severity in the set of data typically collected on admission. Sexual dissimilarities reduced with age. Age disparities were more pronounced if studied with the clinical markers of disease severity than with the radiological markers. The impact of sex on the clinical markers was more evident than that of age in our study.
AB - Background: Data on the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of COVID-19 in patients of different ages and sex are limited. Existing studies have mainly focused on the pediatric and elderly population. Objective: Assess whether age and sex interact with other risk factors to influence the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and Methods: The study sample included all consecutive patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria and who were treated from 24 February to 1 July 2020 in Dubai Mediclinic Parkview (560 cases) and Al Ain Hospital (605 cases), United Arab Emirates. We compared disease severity estimated from the radiological findings among patients of different age groups and sex. To analyze factors associated with an increased risk of severe disease, we conducted uni- and multivariate regression analyses. Specifically, age, sex, laboratory findings, and personal risk factors were used to predict moderate and severe COVID-19 with conventional machine learning methods. Results: Need for O2 supplementation was positively correlated with age. Intensive care was required more often for men of all ages (p < 0.01). Males were more likely to have at least moderate disease severity (p = 0.0083). These findings were aligned with the results of biochemical findings and suggest a direct correlation between older age and male sex with a severe course of the disease. In young males (18–39 years), the percentage of the lung parenchyma covered with consolidation and the density characteristics of lesions were higher than those of other age groups; however, there was no marked sex difference in middle-aged (40–64 years) and older adults (≥65 years). From the univariate analysis, the risk of the non-mild COVID-19 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in midlife adults and older adults compared to young adults. The multivariate analysis provided similar findings. Conclusion: Age and sex were important predictors of disease severity in the set of data typically collected on admission. Sexual dissimilarities reduced with age. Age disparities were more pronounced if studied with the clinical markers of disease severity than with the radiological markers. The impact of sex on the clinical markers was more evident than that of age in our study.
KW - COVID-19
KW - age
KW - machine learning
KW - radiomics
KW - risk stratification
KW - severity
KW - sex
KW - viral pneumonia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126403080&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85126403080&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fcimb.2021.777070
DO - 10.3389/fcimb.2021.777070
M3 - Article
C2 - 35282595
AN - SCOPUS:85126403080
SN - 2235-2988
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
JF - Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
M1 - 777070
ER -