TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of Cell Density and Collagen Concentration on the Electromagnetic Properties of Dermal Equivalents in the Terahertz Band
AU - Zhang, Rui
AU - Yang, Ke
AU - Abbasi, Qammer H.
AU - Abuali, Najah Abed
AU - Alomainy, Akram
N1 - Funding Information:
Ms. Zhang was the recipient of a scholarship funded by the China Scholarship Council.
Funding Information:
Manuscript received December 1, 2017; revised March 14, 2018; accepted March 29, 2018. Date of publication May 2, 2018; date of current version July 2, 2018. This work was supported by Project #AARE17-019 provided by the ADEC Award for Research Excellence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University. The work of R. Zhang was supported by the China Scholarship Council of the Queen Mary University of London (Corresponding author: Ke Yang.) R. Zhang and A. Alomainy are with the School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4FZ, U.K. (e-mail:,rui.zhang@qmul.ac.uk; a.alomainy@qmul.ac.uk).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2011-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2018/7
Y1 - 2018/7
N2 - In this paper, the measurement of collagen gels and dermal equivalents (DEs) with three kinds of fibroblast cell densities and collagen concentrations is performed, respectively, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in transmission mode. With the objective to reduce the thickness uncertainty, an algorithm to extract material parameters and sample thickness of thin samples simultaneously is employed. The statistical mean and standard deviation of the refractive indexes and absorption coefficients in a THz band from 0.2 to 1.5 THz are presented. It is shown that the refractive indexes of DEs drop by around 10%, whereas the absorption coefficients decrease by 20% when cell density increases by one order from 0.1 to 1 M/mL. In addition, the complex refractive indexes of DEs with 3-mg/mL collagen are higher than those with 2 mg/mL, whereas the THz optical parameters of DEs with 2.5 mg/mL are the lowest. The obtained results indicate that the difference in the intrinsic biological features, initial cell density, and collagen concentration changes the tissue hydration, which in turn brings changes to the electromagnetic properties.
AB - In this paper, the measurement of collagen gels and dermal equivalents (DEs) with three kinds of fibroblast cell densities and collagen concentrations is performed, respectively, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in transmission mode. With the objective to reduce the thickness uncertainty, an algorithm to extract material parameters and sample thickness of thin samples simultaneously is employed. The statistical mean and standard deviation of the refractive indexes and absorption coefficients in a THz band from 0.2 to 1.5 THz are presented. It is shown that the refractive indexes of DEs drop by around 10%, whereas the absorption coefficients decrease by 20% when cell density increases by one order from 0.1 to 1 M/mL. In addition, the complex refractive indexes of DEs with 3-mg/mL collagen are higher than those with 2 mg/mL, whereas the THz optical parameters of DEs with 2.5 mg/mL are the lowest. The obtained results indicate that the difference in the intrinsic biological features, initial cell density, and collagen concentration changes the tissue hydration, which in turn brings changes to the electromagnetic properties.
KW - Complex refractive index
KW - dermal equivalent (DE)
KW - terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS)
KW - thickness extraction
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U2 - 10.1109/TTHZ.2018.2825111
DO - 10.1109/TTHZ.2018.2825111
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85046363985
SN - 2156-342X
VL - 8
SP - 381
EP - 389
JO - IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology
JF - IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology
IS - 4
ER -