Inhibitory properties of camel whey protein hydrolysates toward liver cancer cells, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, and inflammation

This report describes an investigation of camel whey protein hydrolysates (CWPH) produced by gastric and pancreatic enzymes for their in vitro antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) ranged from 8.54 to 47.53%, with hydrolysates generated using chymotrypsin for 6 h displaying the highest DH. Reverse phase-HPLC analysis showed that α-lactalbumin underwent complete degradation, with no intact α-lactalbumin detected in CWPH. The CWPH displayed enhanced antidiabetic activity compared with intact whey proteins; with pepsin- and chymotrypsin-generated CWPH displaying greater inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), α-glucosidase, and α-amylase compared with trypsin-generated CWPH. The highest antiproliferative effect was observed for CWPH generated by chymotrypsin for 3 h, with only 4.5 to 6.5% viable liver cancer cells (HepG2) remaining when tested at concentrations from 400 to 1,000 µg/mL. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was manifested by CWPH generated by pepsin at 6-h hydrolysis. We report enhanced antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities upon hydrolysis of camel whey proteins, indicating their potential utilization as bioactive and functional ingredients.