TY - JOUR
T1 - Interictal Spike and Loss of Hippocampal Theta Rhythm Recorded by Deep Brain Electrodes during Epileptogenesis
AU - Fu, Xiaoxuan
AU - Wang, Youhua
AU - Belkacem, Abdelkader Nasreddine
AU - Cao, Yingxin
AU - Cheng, Hao
AU - Zhao, Xiaohu
AU - Chen, Shenghua
AU - Chen, Chao
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Fabrice Bartolomei, Christophe Bernar, Christian Bénar, Laëtitia Chauvel, and Julien Krieg for the valuable data and computational scripts, as well as Minghao Yang and Manling Ge for the first analysis. The project was supported by the Grants sponsored by Hebei Province (No. ZD2021025). Xiaoxuan Fu was supported by the Medical University of South Carolina as a research assistant (Program Number: P-1-00715), and Chao Chen was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61806146) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1314500).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/2/1
Y1 - 2022/2/1
N2 - Epileptogenesis is the gradual dynamic process that progressively led to epilepsy, going through the latent stage to the chronic stage. During epileptogenesis, how the abnormal discharges make theta rhythm loss in the deep brain remains not clear. In this paper, a loss of theta rhythm was estimated based on time–frequency power using the longitudinal electroencephalography (EEG), recorded by deep brain electrodes (e.g., the intracortical microelectrodes such as stereo-EEG elec-trodes) with monitored epileptic spikes in a rat from the first region in the hippocampal circuit. Deep-brain EEG was collected from the period between adjacent sporadic interictal spikes (lasting 3.56 s—35.38 s) to the recovery period without spikes by videos while the rats were performing explo-ration. We found that loss of theta rhythm became more serious during the period between adjacent interictal spikes than during the recovery period without spike, and during epileptogenesis, more loss was observed at the acute stage than the chronic stage. We concluded that the emergence of the interictal spike was the direct cause of loss of theta rhythm, and the inhibitory effect of the interictal spike on ongoing theta rhythm was persistent as well as time dependent during epileptogenesis. With the help of the intracortical microelectrodes, this study provides a temporary proof of interictal spikes to produce ongoing theta rhythm loss, suggesting that the interictal spikes could correlate with the epileptogenesis process, display a time-dependent feature, and might be a potential biomarker to evaluate the deficits in theta-related memory in the brain.
AB - Epileptogenesis is the gradual dynamic process that progressively led to epilepsy, going through the latent stage to the chronic stage. During epileptogenesis, how the abnormal discharges make theta rhythm loss in the deep brain remains not clear. In this paper, a loss of theta rhythm was estimated based on time–frequency power using the longitudinal electroencephalography (EEG), recorded by deep brain electrodes (e.g., the intracortical microelectrodes such as stereo-EEG elec-trodes) with monitored epileptic spikes in a rat from the first region in the hippocampal circuit. Deep-brain EEG was collected from the period between adjacent sporadic interictal spikes (lasting 3.56 s—35.38 s) to the recovery period without spikes by videos while the rats were performing explo-ration. We found that loss of theta rhythm became more serious during the period between adjacent interictal spikes than during the recovery period without spike, and during epileptogenesis, more loss was observed at the acute stage than the chronic stage. We concluded that the emergence of the interictal spike was the direct cause of loss of theta rhythm, and the inhibitory effect of the interictal spike on ongoing theta rhythm was persistent as well as time dependent during epileptogenesis. With the help of the intracortical microelectrodes, this study provides a temporary proof of interictal spikes to produce ongoing theta rhythm loss, suggesting that the interictal spikes could correlate with the epileptogenesis process, display a time-dependent feature, and might be a potential biomarker to evaluate the deficits in theta-related memory in the brain.
KW - Epileptogenesis
KW - Interictal spike
KW - Intracortical microelectrodes
KW - Temporal lobe epilepsy
KW - Theta rhythm
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U2 - 10.3390/s22031114
DO - 10.3390/s22031114
M3 - Article
C2 - 35161860
AN - SCOPUS:85123721748
SN - 1424-3210
VL - 22
JO - Sensors
JF - Sensors
IS - 3
M1 - 1114
ER -