Investigation of a green nanofluid added with graphene and Al₂O₃ nano-additives for grinding hard-to-cut materials

This study investigates Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication (NMQL) efficiency in grinding hard-to-cut materials by incorporating graphene and Al₂O₃ nano-additives into oleic acid-based nanofluids. Varied concentrations and ratios were examined, analyzing thermal conductivity, viscosity, and contact angle. NMQL assessment covered grinding force, specific grinding energy, temperature, surface quality, wear rate, and friction coefficient. Hybrid nanofluids displayed superior lubrication. At 1 wt% nano additives concentration, minimum specific grinding energies, friction coefficients, and friction test temperature increments were reduced by 73.92 %, 46.57 %, and 65.69 %, respectively in comparison with dry conditions. Optimal surface quality for ZrO₂ and Ti-6Al-4V workpieces emerged at 2 wt% and 3 wt% nano additives concentrations, reducing surface roughness by 60.53 % and 48.66 %, respectively compared to dry cutting.