Investigation of rotational speeds and nanoparticle effects on PCM-based thermal energy storage systems

Thermal Energy Storage (TES) plays a crucial role in improving energy efficiency and integrating renewable energy sources such as solar power. Latent Heat Storage Systems (LHSS) using Phase Change Materials (PCMs) offer a reliable method for thermal energy management due to their ability to store and release heat during phase transitions. However, their low thermal conductivity remains a challenge. This study aims to enhance TES performance by incorporating T-shaped fins and nanoparticles (Al₂O₃ and Cu) into PCMs to improve heat transfer and storage capacity. Using the enthalpy-porosity model in ANSYS Fluent, we analyzed the effects of different rotational speeds (0.1 rpm, 0.2 rpm, and 0.3 rpm) on PCM thermal behavior. The findings indicate that rotational fins improve flow dynamics, accelerate heat distribution and ensure a more uniform temperature profile. The results depicted that at 0.3 rpm, the stored latent energy increased by 12.24% compared to the no rotation, while the Nusselt number exhibited a slight decline. Additionally, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are employed to predict and optimize TES performance, demonstrating significant improvements in thermal efficiency. These insights contribute to the development of advanced energy management systems, offering a practical approach to enhancing energy storage efficiency in various industrial and renewable energy applications.