Is Autologous Fat Grafting an Oncologically Safe Procedure following Breast Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer? A Comprehensive Review

Background: Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is a recognized surgical procedure to correct deformities following breast conservation surgery (BCS) for breast cancer. However, there are concerns about the oncological safety of this technique. In this study we have reviewed the current literature to assess whether AFG adversely influences the oncological outcome after BCS for breast cancer. Methods: We have searched the medical literature using the Embase and PubMed search engines from conception until May 2019 to identify all relevant studies of patients who underwent AFG after BCS. Meta-analysis and meta-regression methodologies were used to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) of loco-regional recurrence (LRR) rates for case-control and case series studies (with historical controls) respectively. Results: We have identified 26 eligible studies with a total of 1640 patients who had undergone fat transfer after lumpectomy for breast cancer. The meta-analysis of 11 studies revealed an overall RR for LRR of 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI):0.14–1.66]. The meta-regression of case series revealed an overall incidence of LRR of 1.85% compared with 2.53% for historical controls. Conclusions: Our study lends further support to the notion that fat transfer after lumpectomy for breast cancer does not seem to increase the risk of LRR. However further prospective research is required in order to confirm this.