TY - JOUR
T1 - Level-5 Autonomous Driving - Are We There Yet? A Review of Research Literature
AU - Khan, Manzoor Ahmed
AU - Sayed, Hesham El
AU - Malik, Sumbal
AU - Zia, Talha
AU - Khan, Jalal
AU - Alkaabi, Najla
AU - Ignatious, Henry
N1 - Funding Information:
*Authors have varying contributions in this research work. This research work is supported by UAEU Research Office under Grant: Startup - 31T140. Authors’ address: M. A. Khan, H. El Sayed, S. Malik, T. Zia, J. Khan, N. Alkaabi, and H. Ignatious, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, Abu Dhabi, UAE; emails: manzoor-khan@uaeu.ac.ae, helsayed@uaeu.ac.ae, 201990107@uaeu.ac.ae, muhammad.zia@uaeu.ac.ae, 201990067@uaeu.ac.ae, 960223676@uaeu.ac.ae, 201990006@uaeu.ac.ae. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. © 2022 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM. 0360-0300/2022/01-ART27 $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3485767
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Autonomous vehicles are revolutionizing transport and next-generation autonomous mobility. Such vehicles are promising to increase road safety, improve traffic efficiency, reduce vehicle emission, and improve mobility. However, for these vehicles to live up to their full potentials, there are significant research, technological and urgent organizational issues that need to be addressed to reach the highest level of automation, i.e., level 5. Sensors, communication, mobile edge computing, machine learning, data analytic, distributed learning, and so on, are examples of the building blocks technologies and concepts constituting the end-to-end solution. This survey discusses these technologies and concepts and maps their roles to the end-to-end solution. It highlights the challenges for each technology. Moreover, this survey provides an analysis of different solution approaches proposed by relevant stakeholders, utilizing these technologies aiming to achieve level-5 autonomy. Finally, the article details two use cases to present the interplay of the building blocks technologies.
AB - Autonomous vehicles are revolutionizing transport and next-generation autonomous mobility. Such vehicles are promising to increase road safety, improve traffic efficiency, reduce vehicle emission, and improve mobility. However, for these vehicles to live up to their full potentials, there are significant research, technological and urgent organizational issues that need to be addressed to reach the highest level of automation, i.e., level 5. Sensors, communication, mobile edge computing, machine learning, data analytic, distributed learning, and so on, are examples of the building blocks technologies and concepts constituting the end-to-end solution. This survey discusses these technologies and concepts and maps their roles to the end-to-end solution. It highlights the challenges for each technology. Moreover, this survey provides an analysis of different solution approaches proposed by relevant stakeholders, utilizing these technologies aiming to achieve level-5 autonomy. Finally, the article details two use cases to present the interplay of the building blocks technologies.
KW - 5G
KW - Autonomous driving
KW - mobile networks
KW - platooning
KW - sensor fusion
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127795349&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1145/3485767
DO - 10.1145/3485767
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85127795349
SN - 0360-0300
VL - 55
JO - ACM Computing Surveys
JF - ACM Computing Surveys
IS - 2
M1 - 3485767
ER -